《第三册翻译稿2014-2-12》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第三册翻译稿2014-2-12（4页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1 第三册翻译稿第一单元 中国图腾、生肖和姓氏文化 （艳华）中国十二生肖 （ zodiac sign） ，是由源于自然界的十二种动物，不同的年份称为某动物年。十二生肖是一种纪年（ chronological ）法，排列顺序为子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、 戌狗、 亥猪。 十二生肖在多个国家和民族被广泛接受和使用。 对于中国人来说， 龙是最神圣 （ sacred, holy, divine, saint ）的吉祥物 ( mascot) ，龙年是向来在十二生肖中最受重视的年份。Twelve Chinese zodiac signs originate from twe
2、lve animals in the natural world, different year is called some animal year. Twelve Chinese zodiac signs are used as a chronological method, their rank is followed as Zi-Rat, Chou-Ox, Yin-Tiger, Mao-Rabbit, Chen-Dragon, Si-Snake, Wu-Horse, Wei-Sheep, Shen-Monkey, You-Rooster, Xu-Dog and Hai-Pig. Twe
3、lve Chinese zodiac signs are widely accepted and used in many countries and peoples. For the Chinese, the dragon is the greatest sacred mascot, dragon year has always been valued as importance among all the twelve animal years. 第二单元 传统民俗节日和武术文化七夕节在每年农历七月初七，简称七夕，俗称乞巧节，是中国传统节日中最具烂漫色彩的节日。传说每年的七月初七是牛郎 （
4、 Cowherd） 、织女 （ Weaving Maid ） 相会的日子。在这一天，人间的喜鹊 （ magpie）要飞到天上去，为牛郎和织女搭一座鹊桥，好让二人渡过天河相见。据说，在这一天的晚上如果静静地躲在葡萄架 （ grape trellis ） 下，就能听到牛郎、织女说的悄悄话。The Double-Seventh Festival is on the seventh day of the seventh lunatic month of the Chinese Lunar calendar, called Qi xi for short, also known as the Beggi
5、ng Festival, is a traditional Chinese festival full of romance. According to legend, Niu Lang (Cowherd) and Zhi Nv (Weaving Maid) get together on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year. On this day, all the magpies will fly into the heaven and form a bridge so that these two lovers mi
6、ght come together across the Milky Way. It is said that on the night people can hear the loving whispers between Niu Lang and Zhi Nv if they hide quietly under the grape trellis. 第三单元 中国传统国学文化诸子百家 （ The Hundred Schools of Thought） 兴起于公元前 770 到 221 年间，是各种学术派别的总称。春秋战国时期是中国历史上大变革的时代 , 促进了 （ spur） 文化的繁荣
7、 （ Prosperity ） 。这一时期，出现了老子 （ Lao Zi, Lao Tz, Lao Tse ） 、 庄子 （ Zhuang Zi, Chaung Tzu, Chuang Tse ） 、 孔子 （ Confucius） 、 孟子 （ Mencius） 、荀子、墨子和韩非子等大思想家。他们从不同的立场和角度出发，对当时的社会发表主张，并逐步形成以道家、儒家、墨家和法家 （ Taoism, Confucianism, Mohism and Legalism ） 等为主的众多派别，在中国历史上被称为“诸子百家” 。The Hundred Schools of Thought flour
8、ished from 770 BC to 221 BC and was named for the various schools of thinkers. Great social changes took place during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, which spurred cultural prosperity. In the period, there appeared many great thinkers, such as Lao Zi, Zhuang Zi, 2 Confucius, Menciu
9、s, Xun Zi, Mo Zi and Han Fei Zi, etc. They stated their views on society from different stands and angles, and gradually formed schools of philosophy represented mainly by the Taoism, Confucianism, Mohism and Legalism, which were called as the “ Hundred Schools of Thought ” in China history. 第四单元 中国
10、传统书法文化中国，以瓷器儿著称于世，从广义上包括陶器与瓷器 （ pottery and porcelain ） 。陶瓷器在其复杂的社会历史中占据了极为重要的地位。在中国，各个朝代的陶瓷器 （ China, ceramics ） 的功能 （ function ） 和地位（ statu） 都是不同的，所以他们中有些可能是实用品 （ utility ） ，有些可能是陪葬品 （ burial ） ，有些是艺术品 （ trade-collectors ， artworks） ，甚至有些是仪式用品 （ ritual objects ） 。根据制作年代以及质量，陶瓷器可以被大致分为三大类，土质陶瓷器 （ e
11、arthenware） ，石制陶瓷器 （ stoneware） ，和瓷制陶瓷器（ porcelain ） 。China is well known of China, which contains potteries and porcelains in broad sense. The pottery and porcelain play major roles in China s complex social history. The function and status of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty, so th
12、ey may be utilities, burials, trade-collectors, or even ritual objects. According to their quality and the era in which they were made, the ceramics generally fall into three broad types earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. 第五单元 传统民族音乐戏曲文化越剧这一民间戏种在杭州非常流行。如果你在清晨沿杭州西湖漫步 （ stroll ） 的时候，越剧迷们令人陶醉的唱段将会不绝
13、于耳。 杭州当地的越剧组织有浙江越剧团 （ Troupe） 和杭州越剧团。 浙江越剧团里的 “小百花”是杭州最著名的剧团，在整个大陆地区，甚至在香港、澳门也很有影响力。Yue Opera as a folk opera style is very popular in Hangzhou. If you stroll along the West Lake in the morning, you will continously hear opera lovers heartedly singing. The local Yue Opera companies in Hangzhou are t
14、he Zhejiang Yue Opera Troupe and the Hangzhou Yue Opera Troupe. The “ xiaobaihua” Performing Group of the Zhejiang Yue Opera Troupe is the best known in Hangzhou and very influential across the country, even in Hongkong and Macao. 第六单元 中国传统工艺美术文化唐三彩 （ Tang Sancai） 为唐代陶器的代表。釉色 （ glaze color ） 有绿、褐、蓝三
15、色，故称“唐三彩” 。事实上，几种釉色互相渗化，又产生许多新色，再加上年代久远，有些颜色变化，所以现在呈现出来的颜色不只三种，而是绚烂多彩、富丽堂皇。唐三彩陶器主要用于殉葬品 （ burial objects ） 和俑 （ tomb figure ） ，表现建筑、家具、日用品、牲畜、人物等，式样繁多，可再现唐代社会生活风貌，被誉为唐代社会的“百科全书 （ encyclopedia） ” 。Tang Sancai is the representative of the Tang Dynasty pottery. The glaze colors are green, brown and blu
16、e, therefore, this type of pottery is called “ Tang Sancai ” . Actually, when the three materials are mixed together, many other colors can be seen on the pottery, and with time, some of the colors change, so now it presents not just three kinds of color, but colorfulness and magnificence. Tang Sancai pottery is mainly used for burial objects and tomb 3 figures, representing in many shapes on constructions, furnitures, daily necessities, livestocks and characters, etc. Tang San
