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1、1非谓语动词的复习非谓语动词和谓语动词的相对时间关系 非谓语动词 相对谓语动词的时间意义 例句 说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是表愿望的词：want; hope; expect; wish等。 I want to go home.I hope to see you. 一般式不定式 说明行为与谓语动词行为同时发生，多数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾语。I saw him come in.He helped him (to) carry things. 表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。 We enjoyed seeing the film.I am thinking of
2、taking over the job. 在动词 insist on; rely on; count on(相信) 等后表动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。 He insisted on doing that work 一般式动名词 在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词 on; upon after 代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 I remember seeing him before.On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend. 持续性动词 说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He stood ther
3、e speaking.Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room. 现在分词 终止性动词 说明分词表示的动作发生之后，句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发生。 Entering the room, I found nobody in.Turning to the right, you will find the post office. 通常说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.I cant find my lost pen.
4、说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作并无先后。 He is a person well-known in this country. 一般式分词 过去分词 持续性动词代替完成式现在分词的被动语态。 Educated by the party, he became a brave fighter. 说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前发生。 Im sorry to have troubled you. He is said to have come here.He seemed to have known it. 完成式不定式 在 wish, hope, expect, intend,
5、 mean, suppose 等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有实现。 We wished to have done this.I expected to have left by then.(=I had expected to heave by then.) 完成式动名词 说明动名词表示的动作，此句中动词表示的动作先发生。 We regret having told you the news.After having finished his work, he went home. He denied having broke the glasses. 完成式分词 说明分词表示的动作先发生。
6、多数表示一些瞬时间动词。如果是 hear; see或表示位置转移的动词 arrive; leave; turn; open.不用完成时 Having finished his work, he went home.Sitting down with him, we begun to discuss it.Hearing this, he rose and went to the door. 二非谓语动词的被动语态1. 非谓语动词被动语态的意义2非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句 一般式现在分词含有具体的意义，说明和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，一般是持续性动词The person being cr
7、iticized is our monitor. 完成式分词 表示动作状态比句中谓语动作先发生，一般是瞬间动词 Not having been told about it, I dont know how to do it. 过去分词具有一般的意义，强调事实，说明比句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生，有时同完成式的被动词态可互换。Given more time, (=Having been given) I can do it much better. 三非谓语动词的句法作用1. 非谓语动词的句法作用一览表非谓语动词句子成分 不定式 动名词 分词 主语 直接宾语 短语动词宾语 宾语补语 介词宾语 宾
8、语 形容词宾语 表语 定语 状语 插入语 非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句 表示被动的意义 The meeting is to be held next week.He wanted to be sent to the hard area. 不定式 有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区别，具有“应该” “值的”的意思。不定式是主语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语， 如：nice, easy, hard, difficult, fit, suitable, good, heavy, comfortable, cheap 等。The box is not strong enough to st
9、and this.Its too small to see.There is a lot of work to doThe house is to let at low rent.I am not to blame.Houses are still to seek.Much remains to do.The text is hard to learn. 表示被动的意义 He insisted on being sent to the hard area. 动名词 在动词 need, require 等的主动语态和形容词 worth 后, 表示被动的意义 My watch needs repa
10、iring.The book is worth reading. 现在分词 表示被动的意义 The building being built is a school.Not having been told, he didnt know where to start. 分词 过去分词 表示被动的意义 Heated, the metal expands. 2. 一般现在分词，完成的现在分词和过去分词表示被动意义的区别32. 非谓语动词作主语非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句 动词不定式表示比较具体的意义，经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来，经常带时间或地点状语，有时表示将要发生的动作。 To maste
11、r a foreign language is no easy job.To do it well is my earnest desireTo see this film is to waste time.To solve this problem is out of the question 不定式 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词 it 作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1)形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：important, difficult, easy hard possible）It i
12、s foolish to act in this way.It sounds reasonable to do it this way.It appears likely for them to arrive.2) 动词作谓语（常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, irritate, annoyIt took much time to do this.It makes us excited to think about that.It needed hard work to finish the job.It does no good to say lik
13、e that.It didnt occur to me to ask him to help me.3)名词作表语It seems a pity to waste them.It is a great pleasure to do thisIt is a good idea to think this way. 动名词 动名词表求比较抽象（一般）和经常性的意义，有时可同不定式互换 Collecting stamps is a good hobby.Swimming is a best sport in summer.There is no telling what will happen.There is no denying the fact.There is no need informing him of it.
