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1、非谓语：（不能单独做谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。 ）一、 不定式与动名词做主语1. 动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般习惯的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例句：Reading English is really a great fun.To read english this morning will take most of my time.2.形式主语 it 的运用:1).不定式做主语,谓语用单数。往往用 it 做形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。例句：To finish the job took us two h
2、ours.It took us two hours to finish the job.（注：在不定式做主语的被动语态句子中，必须用形式主语 it.）例句:it was decided to go for a picnic tomorrow.2).It is+adj.of/for sb.to do sth.当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词构成系表结构时，用 of,否则用 for.例句：Its very nice of you to help us.Its impossible for us to defeat the boss.3).用动 名词 做主语的句型：It is/was no good
3、(use, useless, fun)+doing sth. Its worth while doing例句：Its no use cry over spilt milk.覆水难收(it 用法远 不止这几个后面会有 补充)3.成分对称：主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，应保持形式上一致。例句：To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.眼见为实4.There be no +ving例句：There is no parking around here.No smoking,please.练习题It is hard_ his mind.(to change )It
4、is fun_ with a foreign man.(talking)There is no _what will happen.(telling)I like_ this novel this morning.(to read)二：做表语1.不定式做表语表具体个别的动作或有将来的含义。例句：My wish is to become a famous writer.2、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征,表主动（interesting, amusing, disappointing, puzzling, exciting 等）；进行时表示正在进行的动作。例句：i am teaching th
5、e child to swim when you passed by.The story is amusing. (令人.的)3. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。例句：The shop is closed.The door was closed by the wind.4. 注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：其实这些都是使役动词。 interest，surprise，frighten，excite，tire，please，puzzle，satisfy，amuse，disappoint，inspire，worry.The book is interesting.
6、The news is surprising.The story is fritenting.He is fritented.After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice. 练习题The problem is _（puzzling）The village is_by mountains. (surrounded)She is_ at the news.(surprised)三：做宾语1 只能用动名词做宾语的动词a 考虑建议盼原谅cosider suggest/advise look forward t
7、o doing excuse/pardenb 承认推辞没得想 admit delay/put off fancyc 避免错过继续练 avoid miss keep/keep on practicee 否认完成就欣 赏 deny finish enjoy/appreciatef 禁止想象才冒险forbid imagine riskg 不禁介意准逃亡can t help mind allow/permit escape此外：be used to/lead to /devote to /go back to /object to /get done to /pay attention to /can
8、t stand /give up /feel like /insist on /thank you for /apologize for /be busy (in)have difficulty 、trouble in/have a good/wonderful/hard time in /spend time in 等动词词组后面也加 doing。2.跟动名词或不定式做宾语，有区别的。1).like,love,prefer 后接动名词，表 经常性的行 为；接不定式，表具体的某次行为。如前有 would/should，则后接不定式。但 feel like 只接动名词做宾语。例句：I like
9、swimming ,but I dont like to swim this afternoon.2).在 allow, advise, forbid, permit 后，如后有名词或代词做宾语，则用不定式做宾补。即 allow, advise, forbid, permit +doing sth. / sb.to do sth.例句：We dont allow smoking in the hall.We allow you to smoke here.3).当 need, require, want 做“需要”讲时，其后必接 to be done(被动态)或ving（此 时 ving 也表
10、被 动意义），表事情需要被做。 want/need/ require动名词主动式 =want/need/require不定式被动式即 need/want/require(需要)+to be done/doing/sb.to do sth例句：The window needs/want/requires to be cleaned/cleaning.4).worth 后必须接动名词主动形式表被动。即 be worth +名词/doingbe worthy to be donebe worthy of +名词/being done例句：The place is worth visiting.The
11、 place is worthy to be visitedThe place is worthy of + a visit/being visited.5).在介 词 but, other than 之后的不定式。如介词前有“do”,则不定式省略“to”,否 则就 带“to”.例句：We could do nothing but/other than wait.He had no choice but to wait.另接不定式省略 to 的有：cant choose but, cant help but(只好), cant but，had better, would rather.Eg:H
12、e cannot choose but stay on.You had better come here on time.I would rather stay than otherwise.6).当不定式做动词 tell,show,understand,teach,discuss,wonder,find out,等词宾语时，前常带引导词 how, what,whether， why，who 等+to do,但 why+不带 to 的不定式。例句：I dont know what to do.Can you tell me why do it?练习题：1. I can hardly imagi
13、ne Peter _ (sail) across the Atlantic.2. I would appreciate your _ (call) back this afternoon.3. The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief _(catch).4. She didnt remember _(meet) him before.5. We have always deeply regretted _(sell) the house.6. The dictionary cant help _(learn) the language
14、.7. When do you plan to leave?I mean _ (leave) tomorrow.8. He would like _ (sing) this song now.9. Do you feel like _(have) a cup of tea?10. The extra money allow us _ (buy) a car.11. This book is worth _(read).12. This book is worthy of _ (read).13. All cars require _ (service) regularly.14. I wond
15、er how _ (solve) this problem.15. What we can do but _ (sit) and _ (wait).16. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ (forget) it- you have got some big bills coming.四：做宾补1.感官动词 see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to,notice 等和使役动词have 后情况：1).主动时 ，do 原型表完成；现在分词 doing 表正在进行。例句：I heard her sing an English song just now.I heard her sin
