For U.S. teachers supervise the content and useful reference（美国教师监督的内容和有用的参考）

1For U.S. teachers supervise the content and useful referenceAbstract: The United States of instructional supervision of teachers play an important role in the growth. Our colleges and supervision supervision of the United States should learn from the content and methods, clearly the purpose of supervision, supervisors and teachers relationship of equality, scientific and rational methods of supervision, good communication and feedback the results of the work of supervision and teaching focus on teacher reflection and teacher-based training, in order to promote teacher development. Paper Keywords: teachers, supervisors, teacher development, more First, the United States, the content of teacher supervision Supervision of teaching staff in the United States generally has two aspects: First, for supervision of classroom instruction, supervisors into the classroom, teaching materials and methods discussion with the 2teachers, to discuss issues, provide advice to the teachers, the second is for teachers for supervision, including teacher qualification, teacher evaluation and teacher in-service training. 1 classroom supervision, improve teaching standards. American classroom teaching supervisory staff supervision of classroom activities for teachers and for the mutual exchange and interaction, the process of teaching and learning activities for teachers, problems, shortcomings in time, suggestions, targeted to guide teachers to improve teaching, enhance teacher professional development. supervisory process generally have the following four stages: Phase I: pre-conference meeting steering, familiar with the situation. By holding seminars, supervisors and teachers together to discuss arrangements to determine the specific objectives of supervisory activities, supervision and scheduling questions, some background information, including teachers, students and classroom teaching situation and so on. The second stage: to enter the classroom 3observation by on-site observation, review of teachers to teach and emotional state, teachers and students of communication, classroom teachers, the teaching process, teaching activities and the activities of the guidance, details of teaching process, teaching the use of resources etc. supervisors need to use a variety of ways from a variety of perspectives on the teaching activities to focus the operation to record, in general, only one or two aspects of time as the focus of classroom observation by observation, supervisors understand the supervisory teachers in the teaching problems, to help teachers solve the problem and determine the future of in-service teacher training services, and supervision found in the excellent teaching practices be promoted. Phase III: analysis of teaching problems. Supervisors to observe the classroom to get the information objective, fair and reasonable interpretation and inference, and made constructive comments and suggestions. Supervisors provide teachers with the objective of classroom observation recorded material , and teachers an accurately identify teachers in the 4teaching process problems. At this stage, supervisors will observe the process in real-time analysis of classroom assessment, classroom observation and data analysis and evaluation of the combination of analysis and evaluation, before class, after-school observation, interview, including teachers, teaching methods and problem statement are an important complement to observe and analyze the same time, careful not to simply make a conclusion about the ability of teachers. Phase IV: solve teaching problems. To solve the problem stage to test the effectiveness of phase steering the whole operation of instructional supervision activities are effective, supervisors in enhancing the level of teaching and professional development are achieving some progress, with the supervisors to help teachers solve the problems in the teaching activities in this stage, teachers should pay attention to supervisory staff and the relationship between equality and cooperation. Supervisors and teachers negotiate a variety of solutions to the problem raised, after consultation of teachers and then applied to improve the teaching program of work. 5Supervision is effective, need to observe a reasonable solution to the problems of teaching and teachers in actual the actual results and only the two are to meet the requirements under the premise of teaching supervision activities to improve the level of teaching and professional development role was able to realize. (2) teacher supervision, improve the teaching ability of teachers in the United States, supervisory staff, including supervision of the teacher qualification of teachers, teacher evaluation and teacher in-service training. In the qualification of teachers, the United States by the states to develop standards for teacher certification or teacher certification standards, teacher qualifications appraisal is an important work of teac