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1、12011 年阅读真题讲解Passage One生词释义1. Goldman Sachs board: 高盛公司的董事会2. outside director: 外部董事3. to manage: （成功地）设法做到 与 fail to do 正好相反# manage to do sth: 设法做到 sth# manage sth: 设法（做到） sth * How do you manage to stay so slim? 你是如何做到保持这么苗条的？* We somehow managed to persuade him。 我们设法说动了他。* Tom managed two goals
2、 in the last ten minutes. Tom 在最后十分钟之内设法进了两个球。* I dont know how Ill manage it, but Ill be there. 我不知道如何应对， 但是我会到达那里的。 * to manage two roles: 设法应对好两个角色4. criticism: （名词）批评to criticize: (动词）5. be under fire for sth : 因为 sth 受到谴责= be criticized for 6. to sit on/in: 在（ 机构中） 担任成员* He was the first journa
3、list to sit in parliament. 他是第一个在国会中任职的记者。 * to sit on the committee: 在委员会中任职7. compensation: (名词） 1) 补偿 2）（文中含义） 薪酬8. committee: 委员会9. bonus: 奖金10. payout: 付出的巨款11. to remark: 说， 评论*This house must be very old, he remarked.# remark that *Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to d
4、o.安德森离开桌子， 说他有些事情要做。#remark on/upon 评论*He remarked on the difference in security measures at the two airports.他对两个机场的安检措施的差异做了评论2* let sth pass unremarked: （文中短语） 对 sth 不做评论， 就任它了事了Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of B
5、rown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the n
6、ext year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said. Ruth Simmons 于 2000 年 1 月加入高盛公司董事会， 成为一名外部董事。 一年后， 她成为布朗大学的校长。 此后近十年时间里， 她很明显扮演着两个角色， 但并未引起多少责难。 但是在 2009 年年底， Simmons 女士却由于担任高盛公司薪酬委员会委员， 而收到抨击； 她怎可能让巨额奖金得以发放而不加以评论呢？ 到第二年的 2 月份, Simmons便离开了高盛公司董事会。 她说
7、， 该职位占用了她太多的时间。 12. be supposed to do sth: 应该做 sth= be meant to do* Were supposed to check out of the hotel by 11 oclock. 我们应该在11点之前结账离开酒店。* Im not supposed to tell anyone. 我不应该告诉任何人。* What time are you supposed to be there? 你应该什么时候到达那里？ 13. to serve as （a position): 担任（某个职位）* to serve as helpful, y
8、et less biased, advisers 担任有益的、又相对公正的顾问14. to make ones wealth and reputation: 创造财富和树立名声15. presumably: 很可能， 大概to presume: 假定16. proposal: （ 动词） 提议17. to weather: （动词） 1）. (安全地) 度过困境* The company weathered the storm of objections to the scheme. 公司安全度过了反对该计划的风波。* Northern Ireland weathered the recess
9、ion better than any other region in the UK. 和Comment U1: 重点词汇3英国其他地区相比， 北爱尔兰更好地度过了经济衰退。 2） （由于风吹日晒）变了颜色* Her face was weathered by the sun. 她的脸由于日晒而变了颜色 。Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations els
10、ewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. 外部董事在企业董事会中应扮演有益而又相对公正的顾问角色。由于他们在别处已创造了自己的财富和声誉， 所以他们很可能有足够的独立性否定总
11、裁的建议。 如果公司经营状况不佳， 股价下跌， 外部董事应该根据自己以往应对危机的经验提出建议。 18. a database: 数据库19. to cover: 1） （文中含义）包含， 囊括* a course covering business law一门包含商业法律的课程* Exercise is a word which covers a vast range of activities. 练习是一个包括很大范围活动的一个词。 E2） 跑过（的距离）/ （具体数量）* They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday. 昨天他们希望跑40英里。
12、* A leopard can cover a lot of ground very quickly。 猎豹能快速跑很多路。 20. probability:= likelihood: 可能性21. subsequent: （形容词） 随后的*subsequent pages of the book这本书随后的页码# subsequent to something 紧接着 sth; sth 之后= immediately after * Events happened subsequent to the accident. 事故之后的发生的事件 22. to restate: 重申23. la
13、wsuit: 诉讼案* His lawyer filed a lawsuit against the city. 他的律师起诉这个城市。24. to suggest: 暗示suggestive: 暗示性的， 让人揣测的* Are you suggesting my husbands been drinking? 你在暗示我老公一直在喝酒？* A correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm 4is suggestive. 外部董事的离职与随后企业业绩下滑之间的相互关系让人难免揣测。 25.
14、 to jump off a sinking ship: 本义是“从一艘慢慢沉下去的船上跳离”比喻为“ 离开充满是非的公司”26. to trade up: (交易中) 得到更好的东西*It also encourages existing home owners to trade up to larger accommodation。 它鼓励了现在的房子拥有者置换更大的居所。 The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000
15、 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that
16、 after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such dir
