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1、2015 年职称英语卫生类新增文章发布时间：2015-03-19 18:07:592015 年职称英语教材已全面上市，第一考试网为大家整理了职称英语教材卫生类变化信息，希望能对大家的备考有所帮助，祝大家考试顺利！2015 年职称英语教材卫生类的变动比较小，一共只有 5 篇新增文章。2015 年职称英语教材卫生类新增的 5 篇文章，分布在阅读判断、阅读理解和补全短文：阅读判断综合 A 新增一篇文章；阅读理解卫生 C 新增一篇文章；补全短文卫生 A、B 和 C 各新增一篇文章。完形填空卫生类整体都没有新增文章。2015 年卫生类职称英语教材新增文章的对比目录如下：卫生类旧文章 新增文章阅读理解 第
2、五篇：U.S. Eats Too Much Salt 第五篇：Tracking Down HIV卫生C 补全短文 第二篇 Bedwetting 第二篇：The Hope Childrens Hospice卫生B 补全短文第七篇 Reinventing the Table第七篇：Powering Napping is Good for the I.Q阅读判断第十二篇：First Self-contained Heart Implanted第十二篇：Inquest told of hospital error卫生A补全短文第十二篇 More Efforts Urged to Empower Wom
3、en at AIDS Conference第十二篇：The enemy Within第五篇 Tracking Down HIVIn the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposis sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immuno
4、logist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patients blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells.By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were dia
5、gnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acq
6、uired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died.In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsible for2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An internationa
7、l panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV throu
8、gh blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infected people. Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed, then perhaps it can be eradicated3, but it is still a race agai
9、nst time.词汇：spot n. 地点，斑点，斑块，青春痘lymph n. 淋巴结sarcoma n. 肿瘤，肉瘤，恶性毒瘤exhaustion n. 衰竭，耗尽，精疲力竭immunologist n. 免疫学家malfunction n. 故障，失灵，疾病count n. 计数，计算infection n. 传染病，感染breakdown n. 故障，衰弱，崩溃toll n. 代价，死亡人数intravenous drug n. 静脉注射药物abnormalities n. (abnormality 的复数形式)畸形，异常情况blood transfusion n. 输血symptom
10、 n. 症状virologist n. 病毒学家virus n. 病毒panel n. 座谈小组，仪表板hemophiliac n. 血友病患者vaccine n. 疫苗注释：1.play a key role.扮演一个关键角色，有至关重要的作用2.be responsible for.对负责，是的原因3.can be eradicated 可以被根除的练习：1. This passage is mainly about _.A. the spreading of the disease known as HIVB. the work of Dr. Robert GalloC. infecti
11、ous diseasesD. the symptoms of HIV2. A T-cell is a _.A. patients bloodB. deadly strain of tuberculosisC. white blood cell important in providing immunity to diseaseD. red blood cell3. The final paragraph leads the reader to see that scientists _.A. have no hope in ever finding a cure for HIVB. have
12、hope that a cure for HIV will be foundC. have run out of time to find a cure for HIVD. are in a contest against each other to find a cure for HIV4. The basic pattern used to develop this passage is _.A. chronological orderB. personal narrativeC. comparison and contrastD. question and answer5. The wo
13、rd u eradicated the last paragraph means _.A. made extremeB. celebratedC. remove by rubbingD. gotten rid of entirely答案与题解：1.A从开篇的病例介绍，到后面感染人数的不断上升可以推断出，这篇文章的主旨是讲艾滋病病毒在美国的传播。从第二段中的最后一句话可以看出，人们最初对艾滋病的冠名是在1982 年 7 月，而那时全美已有病例 471 起，并有 184 人死亡了，因此可以推断出是讲该病毒的传播的。2.C第一段的最后一句话里对 T 细胞进行了定义，即其为白细胞的一种，并在免疫效应中
14、起关键作用，因此答案是选项3.B文章最后一段的最后一句话提到了解题线索，即现在科学家正在测试预防艾滋病的疫苗，他们相信，如果该病毒能被抑制，就可能被根治。4.A该题为对文章线索总结题，chronological order 意思为“按照时间次序”，chronological 意思为“时间的”，从该文中的几个时间点来看，人们对于艾滋病的接触、了解、应对、研究，应该是按照不同年份进行的，故答案为选项 A。5.D本题为词义推断题，eradicate 的本义为“根除”，本题的解题线索在最后一段最后一句话的前半句，即“Today scientists are testing vaccines and b
15、elieve that if HIV can be suppressed”，只要了解 suppress 的词义，即“抑制”，那么结合后面 then(于是，那么)这个关联词就可以推断出后面的动词短语应该和“根治”有关，本题选项中的前三个选项均不含该意思，故答案为选项 D。选项 A 为“成为极端”，选项 B 为“庆祝”，选项 C 为“通过摩擦被消除”，和前句大意均不相符。第二篇 The Hope Childrens HospiceThe Hope Childrens Hospice provides free specialist care for children with life-limit
16、ing conditions who are not expected to live into adulthood. It cares for up to eight terminally-ill children at one time, and aims to care for them in the same way their families would care for them at home. _1_Life-limiting conditions present many long-term medical and emotional problems-not only for the child, but for parents and siblings too. So the hospice offers respite care-short stays for the child alone or for the whole
