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1、句式句型专题（五）：简单句、并列句、复合句句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：1） 简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如：She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。2） 并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如：The food was good, but he had little appetite.食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。一.概念(一)简单句 由一个主语( 或并列主语) 和一个谓语( 或并列谓语)所构成的句子叫简单句，
2、其结构是主语+ 谓语。She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。五种基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：1）主 + 动（ SV）例如：I work.我工作。2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如：John is busy.约翰忙。3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO ）例如： She studies English.她学英语。4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC ）例如：Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。5）主 + 动 +
3、间宾 + 直宾 My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。 (二)并列句 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句常用的连词有 and, but, or not only.but also, neither.nor, either.or 并列句分为:联合并列句, 转折并列句, 选择并列句和因果并列句联合并列句常由并列词 and, not onlybut also.等连接如: Use your hand, and youll find a way.转折并列句常由并
4、列连词 but, while, yet, whereas, nevertheless 等连接如:I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.选择疑问句常由并列连词 or, otherwise, eitheror, 等连接如:Either you leave this house or Ill call the police因果并列句由并列连词 so, for, therefore 等连接.如: it was late, so we went
5、home.在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句 ”结构中, 当前后两部分间为承接关系时 , 用 and;前后意思为相反关系时, 用 or.可将前面的祈使句转换成由 if 引导的条件状语从句, 但必须将 and 或 or 去掉 .如: Hurry up, and well be there in time.= If we hurry up, well be there in time.because 和 so; although, though 和 but 不能连用3） 复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词或关系代词引导，从句分
6、为定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句.例如：The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。 （名词性从句）A man who doesnt learn from others cant achieve much.一个不向别人学习的人是不能有多少成就的。 （定语从句）The film had begun when we got to the cinema.（状语从句）主句 从句我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。定语
7、从句 概念:1.在句子中修饰名词或代词 ,定语从句 在句中充当定语.2.定语从句必须有先行词,并尽量靠近先行词.3.在定语从句中,关系代词在从句中充当主干成分.关系代词与关系副词关系代词:指人:who(主/宾),whom(宾),whose(定语,所有格)指物:which(主格,宾格),whose(定语,所有格)指人或物:that关系副词: when, where, why一、关系代词的用法1that 和 which 的用法(1)限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词 that 的情况：当先行词是不定代词all， much，little，something ，everything ，anything，
8、nothing，none，the one 时。You should hand in all that you have.当先行词前面被 the only，the very，any，few，little，no，all 等词修饰时。This is the only thing that has been tried.当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best that has been used against pollution.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。This train is the last that will go to S
9、uzhou.当先行词既有人又有物时。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?当主句的主语是疑问词 who 或 which 时。Which is the bike that you lost?有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用 which，另外一个宜用 that。They secretly built up a small factory，which produced things that could cause pollution.(2)定语从句中必须用 which 的情况：在非限制性定语从句中，只用
10、which，不用 that。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which ，of course，made the others envy him.当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用 which，不用 that。This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.2 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用 which(指物) 或whom(指人)，即：介词which/whom。They may start as a group of highs
11、chool students，for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame.He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall apple tree.3as 和 which 的区别(1)as 引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。The weather turned out t
12、o be very good，which was more than we could expect.(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用 as。As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.二、关系副词的用法1当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(whenon which)Can you tell me the office where he works？(wher
13、ein which)2介词关系代词(which)where /when。有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词 where/when 前加介词 from，to 等。China is the birthplace of kites，from where kites spread to Japan and Korea.3高考对关系副词 where 的考查。高考试题中对于 where 的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“地点的模糊化” 。事实上，对于 where 这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点。当先行词表示某人/物的 situation，或某事所发展的 stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用
14、where 这个关系副词。The accident has reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in.1Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet_life has developed gradually.(2010福建， 24)Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhose2The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre
15、with her sister_she would stay for an hour.(2010江西，31)Awhere Bwho Cwhich Dwhat3Thats the new machine_parts are too small to be seen.(2010山东，Athat Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat4.Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers_I go.Its only 15.(2010天津，8)Aas Bwhich Cwhere Dthat5The old temple_roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.(2010陕西，11)Awhere Bwhich Cits Dwhose6. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon_ school education depends. （2015 安徽 28）A. it B. that C. whose D. which7. He wrote many children s books, nearly half of
