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1、第七讲 句法、特定结构及其他句法现象as 用法及附加成分用法一As 的用法1 As 可以用作连词,其意义和用法主要有:( 1 )意为“当之时”,引导时间状语从句,在意思上相当于 when 和 while 引导的时间状语从句。例如:As he grew up, he became silent. (他长大以后,变得沉默寡言。)( 2 ) 意为“既然,因为”,引导原因状语从句,不过它引导的原因状语从句时所表示的原因不如 because 引导的从句所表示的原因那么直接和强烈。试比较:As he wasnt ready, we went without him. (既然他没有准备好,我们就自己去了。)
2、Because he was ill, he couldnt go to school. (因为他病了,所以不能去上学。)(原因状语从句表示“不能去上学” 的直接原因)( 3 ) 意为“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句,在意思上相当于 although 引导的从句。 as 引导让步状语从句时,常以下列句式出现:名词 / 副词 / 动词 (原形) / 形容词 +as+ 主语 + 其他成分。例如: Child as he is ( =Although he is a child ) , he can speak English. (尽管他是个孩子,他却能讲英语。)Young as you are (
3、 =Although you are young ) , you can do it very well. (虽然你年轻,但你却能做得很好。)Much as I like it , Ill not buy it. (虽然我很喜欢它,我也不会买。)Try as he may, he has little hope to win. (尽管他会尽力,但取胜的希望却很小。)( 4 ) 意为“如,像”,引导方式状语从句。例如:You must do as I tell you . (你必须按照我告诉你的那样去做。)( 5 ) 意为“作为(某种身份),当做,视为”。例如:As a student, you
4、 must obey the rules. (作为学生,你必须遵守纪律。 )2 as 作为副词,常与连词 as 连用,意为“ 和一样”, 表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个 as 为副词,第二个 as 为连词。其基本结构为:as+ adj./ adv. + as。例如:as easy as ABC (非常容易), as cool as a cucumber (沉着的), as stubborn as a mule (非常顽强的,倔强的), as clear as crystal (非常透明的), as poor as a church mouse (非常贫困的), as busy as a b
5、ee (非常繁忙的)。在这些短语中,在否定句中,作副词用的 as 可以用 so 代替。例如:Its not so easy as I thought. (这不像我想的那么容易。)3 As 常与其他词连接起来引导句子成分,常用的 as 短语有:as long as/ such as / as soon as/ so as to/ as if/ as though/ as for/ as to/ as far as 等,还与一些动词连用构成固定搭配:4 As 可用作关系代词,关系代词 as 引导定语从句时,既可以单独使用,也可以与其他词连用,其用法要比 that 和 which 更为复杂。1. a
6、s 引导定语从句与其他词连用用于 the same.as 结构中This is the same book as I read last week.这本书和我上周读的那本是一样的。用于 such.as 结构中I dont like such books as he recommends.我不喜欢他推荐的那些书。用于so +adj. + a/an + n. (单数) + as 结构中I am not so strong a man as I was.我已经没有从前那么强壮了。2. as 单独引导定语从句 as 单独引导定语从句时,先行词可以是一个词,也可以是一个句子或短语。例如:(1) She
7、is late, as is often the case.她迟到了,这是经常的事。(先行词是整个主句)(2) To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.对事实视而不见-你们好多人都是如此的愚蠢。(先行词是不定式短语)需要注意 as 引导定语从句时与 so/suchthat 引导的结果状语从句的区别。试比较:This is such an interesting book as everybody likes to read. ( as 引导定语从句,代替先行词 book ,在从句中作宾语)This is such an
8、 interesting book the everybody likes to read it . ( that 引导结果状语从句,因为从句中 read 后面有代词 it 作宾语。)第二,附加成分用法附加成分又叫附加疑问句,属于一般疑问句。以下几个附加成分要注意:1 如果陈述部分是 there 存在句时,疑问部分的注意也用there;Eg. There used to be a petrol station near the park, usednt there / didnt there ? 甚至还可以用 wasnt there?2 如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词 this/ these/
9、that / those 时,疑问部分的主语用 it 或 they;3 如果陈述部分是一个复合句,在一般情况下,疑问部分应与主句一致。如:If you had come yesterday, you might have seen him, mightnt you?When the teacher speaks, we have to keep quiet, dont we? 但在有些情况下,如果主句主语是第一人称且谓语是一般现在时, 疑问部分的则与从句保持一致才能与整个句子协调,这主要要由句子的重心决定。如:Im sure that your mother has told you about me, hasnt she? 4 如果陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little,nowhere 等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。Eg. There are few apples in the basket, are there?Lets have a rest, shall we? SuggestionLet us have a rest, will you? Asking for permissionDont forget to bring the book, will you?