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1、 1图解定语从句概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 指人的先行词 先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 指物的先行词 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. 先行词 (which 替代前面所叙述的事情) 替代前面的先行词 （替代作用） 关系词的作用 连接主句和定语从句 （连接作用） 在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用） 定语从句“三要素” 关系词: 引导定语的词 标准:根据关系词在从句中
2、做的句子成分种类 关系词的分类 关系代词：在从句中做 主,宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why) 定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。 限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。定 He is a teacher who works at our school. 定语从句 非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用 的分类 (先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)语 Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long
3、history. 比较: He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)从 He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons)句 2定语从句几个难点关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略 whom/that)关系代词在定语从句中作表语关系代词的省略 He is no longer the boy (that) h
4、e used to be. (可以省略 that)限定性定语从句 关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略比较: Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.Housing price is a problem in which people are interested. （此时只能用 which且不能省略） 以疑问词 who 开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there? 关系代词在从句中作表语时用 that 的情况 She is not the girl t
5、hat she used to be. 先行词被 the very, the right, the only 修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.先行词是人 that/who 的区别 行词是 one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了 that,另外一个用 who用 who 的情况 Who is the boy
6、that won the gold medal?在 there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him. 在非限定性定语从句当中 Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.在非限定性定语从句中.She lost the game, which depressed her greatly. 关系词置于介词之后,作宾语. The pen with which you write is Jacks.用 which 的情况 先行词是 that 或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词
7、用 that,另一个用 which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.先行词是不定代词如 all, little, few, much,先行词是物 anything, everything, nothing, none, no one 等that / which She did all that she could to help us.的区别 先行词被 all, every, no, some, little, much, the only,the very
8、, the right 等所修饰时This is the very book that I want. 3先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and 用 that 的情况 the places that impressed her most.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that Ive seen since I came here.定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用 wh
9、ich, 另外一个用 thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.当主句的主语是疑问词 which,另一个用 thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。 常用于以下句型当中 Such/so. as. 像.一样 the same . as 和.同样的A computer is so useful a machine as we can use ever
10、yday. As 引导定语 He is not the same man as he was. 从句的用法 引导非限制性定语从句。表示说话人的看法,态度,评论等。此时译为“正如，像” 等。 可以放在句首，句中或句末。As I remember, there were a net bar here. Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all. the same as.和 the same that.引导定语从句的区别This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物)Th
11、is is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同类事物）When 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的 time, day 等I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.（when=on which）Where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的 place, spot 等Can you tell me the office where he works? (where = in which)Why 在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有 reason.关系副词 I dont want
12、 to listen to any reason why you were absent. (why = for which)的运用 关系副词 = 相应的介词 + 关系代词 Where 引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如 case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (阶段)，point（地步）等What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式（此时 where = in which） way 在定语从句中 做状语
13、时 的三种引导方式 that / in which / 不填The way in which / that / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.比较: The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple（way 在定语中作 tell 的宾语）time 表示“次数”时，用关系代词 that 引导定语从句 4几个特殊 先行词 time This is the first time that the president has visited the country.的先行词
14、time 作“一段时间” 讲时，应用关系副词 whenThis was the time when there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.（此时 when = during which 在.期间）先行词 reason 当在定语从句中 作状语时 ，定语从句的 4 种引导方式 why/for which/that/不填This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he can not come here.比较：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained t
15、o us for his absence from the conference. （reason 在定语从句中做 explain 的宾语）该结构的关系代词只有两种即 介词+which（指物） 介词+whom（指人）该结构介词的选用原则： 根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配This is the book on which I spent $ 8. This is the book for which I paid $ 8. 根据现行词的搭配习惯 I remember the days during which I lived there.I remember the day on which I graduated from university.介词+关系代词 根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定The colorle
