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1、英语简单句、并列句、复合句解析简单句、并列句和复合句考点一 简单句1. 简单句只包含一个主谓结构.2. 五种简单句:1) 主+ 谓. He comes at last.2) 主+ 系+表. She is a teacher.The soup tastes nice.3) 主+ 谓+宾. They reached the village.4) 主+ 谓+间宾+直宾.He gave me a pen.5) 主+ 谓+宾+宾补.I find that book very useful.考点二 并列句并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。常用的连接词有：1. 表示顺承关系的：and, not
2、 onlybut also（不仅.而且.）等。She _ gave us a lot of advice, _helped us to overcome difficulties.Linda tried to become an excellentteacher, _ at last she succeeded.2. 表示选择关系和否定条件的有 or（还是，否则） Do you want to leave now _ would yourather set off later?Wear your coat, _ youll catch a cold.3. 表示转折关系的有 but, yet 等
3、。He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。4. 表示因果关系的有 for, so 等。My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。考点三 主从复合句：宾语从句1. 宾语从句的引导词（1）引导陈述句用 that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略)He tells me (that ) he is going shopping thisSunday.(2) 引导一般疑问句用 if 或 whether.She asked me if whether she could join us.(whether
4、or not)(3) 引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。She asked them what they were doing.2. 宾语从句的语序 ：要用陈述句语序。I want to know when the train left.3. 宾语从句的时态（1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。He tells us that he has been able to lookafter himself.(2) 主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。They said that they had already finished thewo
5、rk.(3) 如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。He said that light travels faster than sound.3. 练习1）Sheasked me, “Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?” (改为含宾语从句的复合句)She asked me_ I _ go to the cinema the next day.2) Howlovely the dog is! Can you tell me _?A. where did you get it B.where will you g
6、et it C. where you got it3) - Can you tell me _ your parents at home?- I often wash clothes and sweepthe floor.A. how will you help B. how you help C. how will you help D. how do you help4) When I was young, my grandfather told me that the sun _ (rise) inthe east.考点四 状语从句一、状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、
7、副词等。1.地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由 where 引导。Put allthe things _they were.A. whereB. when C. whose D. which2.时间状语从句(主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时 )时间状语从句的引导词有 when, before, after, until, assoon as, since, while, as 等She wascooking when someone knock at the door.What willyou do after you finished your homework?3.条件状语从句在条件状语从句中，
8、常用的引导词有 if, unless 等。If itdosent rain, I” ll go fishing.They willhave a picnic unless it rains next Sunday.4.原因状语从句原因状语从句常用的引导词有 because, as, since（既然）等He didntcome because he was ill.Since weare students, we should study hard.*Because 和 so 不能在一个句子中同时使用 。5. 结果状语从句结果状语从句主要由 sothat, suchthat引导。Its soh
9、ot that we want to go swimming.Thatssuch an interesting story that everybody likes it.*So that与简单句之间的句型转换1） that 后的句子是否定句，常用 tooto 进行转换。He is soyoung that he cant go to school. he is too young to go to school.2) that 后的句子是肯定句。常用 enough to 进行转换。The shirtwas so cheap that he bought it. the shirt was c
10、heap enough forhim to buy.6.目的状语从句目的状语从句常用的引导词有 so that, in order that 等in order to 简单句Pleasesay it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.He worksharder in order that he can go to a good college.7. 让步状语从句引导词有 though, although, even if, even though(尽管)等。He oftenhelps others though although he
11、is not rich.They willstand by you even if you dont succeed.*Though, although 与 but 不能同时出现在一个句子中8.比较状语从句比较状语从句由 than, asas, not asso as 等引导。(比较级)He ismore outgoing than I.He ran asfast as Mike.二、练习1. Itsquite common in Britain to say “thankyou”to the drivers _ people getoff the bus.a.after b. since c
12、. until d. when2. Theart club is for members only. You cant go in _you are a member.a.unless b. because c. if d. though3. Nowmany parents send their children to foreign countries, _ they want them toget a better education.a.until b. though c. because4. -What would some students like to do after fini
13、shing their education?- They would like to start towork_ they neednt depend on their parents completely.a. assoon as b. so that c. before d. while考点五 定语从句修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词（关系代词和关系副词）。1.关系代词的基本用法作主语 作宾语 作定语指人 whothat whowhomthat省略 whose指物 whichthat whichthat省略 whose The man
14、 _spokeat the meeting is from Hong Kong. (指人作主语)Thebuilding _is being built will be used as a hospital.(指物作主语)I visiteda scientist _ name is known all over the world. （指人作定语）2. 关系代词特殊用法(1）当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。He is oneof the boys who _ (like) playing football.He is theonly one of the boys
15、who_ (like) playing football.(2) 通常以下四种情况关系代词只能用 that 而不能用 which.1) 先行词为 all, much, something, everything, nothing,little, none, the one 等不定代词时2）先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。3）当先行词被 the only, the very, the just 等修饰时。4）先行词中既有人又有物时。3. 关系副词的基本用法。1） when 在句中作状语，表示时间。2) where 在句中作状语，表示地点。.3) why 在句中作状语，表示原因。Heremembers the day _ he joined the League.This isthe reason_ he is late today.This isthe place _ Lu Xun was born.练习一、用括号内所给的动词的适当形式填空。1. Mrs.Wang said that she _(buy) a new car the next day.2. OurEnglish teacher told us that Christmas _(be) on December 25.3. Illtell you as soon as Kate _(come) here.4. Coul
