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1、近义词或词组的比较（Units4-6）（八年级第 10 期，词海拾贝）邮编：441533作者：张明凤 高国庆地址：襄阳市南漳县巡检镇峡口中学电话：13774178893词和词组是英语语言的重要组成部分。英语词汇非常丰富，意义相同或相近的词或词组也非常多。但他们的用法却不尽相同。以下几组近义词及词组不仅是本册第四单元至第六单元的重点，而且是历来中考的考点。请同学们擦亮慧眼，把它们看个清清楚楚、明明白白。1. How long，how far 和 how oftenHow long 意为“多长时间”，是对一段时间提问。how far 意为“多远”，对一段距离、路程提问。how often 意为“多
2、久一次”，对频率提问。请比较：（1）-How far is it from your home to school? (P.21 3b) 从你家到学校有多远？-Its three miles. 三英里。（2）-How long does it take you to get from home to school? (P.21 3b) 从你家到学校要花费多长时间？-It takes 25 minutes. （3）-How often do you watch TV? (P.2 2a) 你多久看一次电视？-Twice a week. 一周两次。2. ride a bike 和 by bikeri
3、de a bike 是动词词组，常位于句中作句子的谓语。by bike 是介词词组，常位于句末作方式状语。请比较：Most students ride their bikes to school. (P.23 3b) 大部分学生骑自行车上学。 同义句为: Most students goes to school by bike.类似用法区别的还有：take a bus 和 by bus, take a train 和 by train, walk 和 on foot 等。3. the other(s), other(s)和 anotherThe other 和 other 后可加名词，the
4、others 和 others 当作名词使用，后不加名词；the other(s)表示一定范围内除去一部分以后其余的全体，other(s)表示除去一部分以后的另一（些），但不是剩下的全体；another 指与某一个不同的“另一个，又一个”，没有总数和范围限制，后可跟名词单数。如：In other parts of the world, things are different. (P.23 3a) 在世界的另一些地区，情况不同。In Japan, most students take trains to school, although others also walk or ride the
5、ir bikes. (P.23 3a) 在日本，大部分学生乘火车上学，尽管另一些也步行或骑自行车。Thats too bad. Maybe another time. (P.26 2c) 那太遗憾了。也许下次吧。4. have to 和 must两者都译为“必须”。但 have to 强调受客观条件限制而不得不做某事，而 must 强调主观意愿。试比较：-Can you come to my party?-Im sorry, I cant. I have to help my parents. (P.25 Section A) 对不起，我不能。我得帮父母（干活）。You must be car
6、eful when you cross the road. 你过马路时务必要小心。5. both 和 all两者意思皆为“都”。但 both 指“两者都”，其反义词为neither（两者中一个也不）。all 指“三者或三者以上都”，其反义词为 none（三者或三者中一个也不）。请比较：We both have black eyes and black hair, although my hair is shorter than hers. (P.33 3a) 我们俩都有黑色眼睛和黑色头发，尽管我的头发比她的更短。The students are all in the classroom. 同学
7、们都在教室里。请注意：both 和 all 位于实意动词之前（如例 1）或 be 动词之后（如例2）.中考链接1.-How many students like this song?- _of us likes it. It sounds terrible.A. None B. Nobody C. Every one D. All (2010.湖北黄冈市)2.-Can I go to the movie, Mum?- Certainly. But you _ be back by ten oclock.A. can B. may C. might D. must (2010.湖北襄樊市)3.T
8、eachers think students neednt do so much homework, but they _ make their students do a lot in the past.A. have to B. must C. had to D. should (2010. 湖北黄石市)4.-Which would you like to visit, Shanghai Expo Garden or Beijing Birds Nest?- _ . I prefer to enjoy the 2010 FIFA World Cup at home. A. Both B.
9、Either C. Neither D. None (2010. 湖北咸宁市)5.-_ is it from your home to school?- About three miles.A. How much B. How long C. How far D. How often (2010.湖北孝感市)6. Be careful to look _ ways before you cross the street.A. both B. all C. either D. neither (2010. 湖北孝感市)7. To help Tommy learn better, his pare
10、nts have done _ they could: cards, tapes, special learning centers in short, everything they can think of.A. both B. all C. none D. neither (2010.河南省)8. -Which of the caps will you take?-Ill take _ , one is for my father, the other for my brother.A. neither B. both C. all (2010. 长沙市)9. -_ should we
11、clean the library?- Twice a week.A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How often (2010.江苏宿迁市)10.-Lets go to the West Hill Park _ taxi.- Oh, it is not far away from here. We neednt _ taxi.A. by , take a B. take a, by C. take, by a D. by a, take a (2010.四川绵阳市)11. -The shoes dont fit me. Would you ple
12、ase show me _ ?-Sure. Here you are.A. the other one B. the others C. another pair D. another one (2010. 四川绵阳市)12. -_ do you read English newspapers?-I read 21st Century every day.A. How long B. How often C. How many D. How much (2010. 浙江义乌市)13. Two places of interest in Beijing are well-known to peo
13、ple from home and abroad. One is the Great Wall , _ is the Summer Palace.A. the other B. another C. other (2010.哈尔滨)14. -_ will you stay in Shanghai?-For about three weeks.A. How long B. How far C. How often (2010. 内江市)15. -Would you like to have _ cake?-No, thanks. Ive had two. Thats enough. A. other B. others C. another D. the other (2010.江苏连云港市)参考答案：1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.A 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.C 北京印花税 http:/ 3x39gMi6J6ZN
