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1、中考复习语法之,简单句,简单句的特点是由一个主 语加一个谓语构成。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。,Nobody went. Did you go by sea? We never beat children. My sister will fix everything. Mr. Turner is an artist. I found the book easy.,下面句子是简单句吗？,简单句,中考链接,陈述句,简单句的五种 基本形式,疑问句,基本句型一:S+V (主+谓),He swims in the river every summer. 主语 谓语 It often
2、rains here. 主语 谓语,简单句的五种基本句型,这种句型简称为这种句型简称为主谓结构，谓语是动词，一般都是不及物动词。,基本句型二: S+V+DO (主+谓+宾),Children often sing this song. 主语 及物动词 宾语 Lucy likes apples very much. 主语 及物动词 宾语,这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词 。,基本句型三: S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾),She showed her friends all her pictures. 主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 He gave the book
3、 to his sister. 主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语,这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语。跟双宾语的动词你能说出一些吗？,基本句型四:S+V+DO+OC (主+谓+宾+宾补),We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语 rainy days made me sad. 主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语,所谓宾语补足语就是补充说明前面的宾语，这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，其补语是宾语补语，与宾语一起即构成复合宾语。常见跟宾语补足语的词有哪些，你知道吗？,常
4、见跟宾语补足语的词：,The bike is new. 主语 系动词 表语 The hat looks nice on you! 主语 系动词 表语,基本句型五:S+V+P (主+系+表),这种句型称为主系表结构，其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，但实质上表语成了谓语。除了be动词是系动词外，你还知道哪些词可以作系动词？,有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句。,Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other. 王先生和我常在一起工作互相帮助。 China and oth
5、er countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly. 中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。(China and other countries并列主语),用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。 陈述句的肯定式： Heisamiddleschoolstudent. Ihaveahammerinmyhand. Sheteachesusgeography.,陈述句：,陈述句的否定式： 1)谓语动词如果是be、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。 如： Mybrotheris notateacher. 我的弟弟不是教师
6、。 Hedoesnothaveacousin. 他没有堂兄弟。 Iwill notgotheretomorrow. 明天我不去那儿。,2)谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时, 须在它的前面加donot (dont). eg:I dontknowanythingaboutit. 此事我一无所知。LiMingdoesnotfeedpigsinthe countryside. 李明不在农村养猪. Wedidntexpecttomeetherrighthere. 我们没指望着在这里见到她.,3)have的否定形式： 当表示“有”的意思时，可以采用以下三种形式：donot+have eg:Idono
7、thaveenoughfoodtoeat. 当have为助动词时，用“have+not”结构。如：Ihavenotbeento Shanghai。 当have既不表示“有”，也不作助动词用时，用“donot+have”结构。Ididnthavebreakfastthismorning.,句子中如果有all、both、very much 、well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、notatall等； Allofthemwentthere. Noneofthemwentthere. 他们全都去了那里他们全都没去那里。,句子中含有little、f
8、ew、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等词时,则视为否定句。如： Fewpeoplelivetherebecauselifethere isveryhard. 几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了。,陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问,表示惊讶或明知故问。 如：Thatsyourboss? 那就是你的老板？ 陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序,即：主语+谓语+其他。,把下列句子变成否定句： 1.Iamlisteningtomusic. 2.Mikeisastudent. 3. Sarahcancleantheclassroom.,
9、Iam notlisteningtomusic.,Mikeis notastudent.,Sarahcantcleantheclassroom.,反意疑问句,1. 一般疑问句,一般疑问句是指能够用yes或no来回答的句子。常分为含be动词的一般疑问句；含情态动词的一般疑问句；助动词型一般疑问句。,(1)Is this your math book? Yes, it is./No, it isnt. (2)Can you help me with my English? Yes, I can./No, I cant. (3)Do your parents like meat? Yes, they
10、 do./No, they dont. (4)Have you finished your work? Yes, I have./No, I havent.,2. 特殊疑问句,Why were they late for the meeting? 他们为什么开会迟到了？ How do you go to school every day? 你每天怎样去上学？ Whats his job? 他是做什么工作的？ When did your brother go to Shanghai last month? 你弟弟上个月什么时候去上海的？,3. 选择疑问句,选择疑问句是提供两种或两种以上的情况供对
11、方选择的疑问句。选择疑问句不用yes或no回答，只要根据实际情况回答便可。选择疑问句全句用or连接。如：,(1)Do you like apple juice or tea? I like tea. (2)Who runs faster, Jim or Mike? Jim runs faster.,4. 反意疑问句,在陈述句的后面，加上一个简短的问句，对陈述句所叙述的事实或看法提出相反的疑问，其答语为难点。,肯定陈述句+否定的简短问句。如： The girl went home yesterday, didnt she? 这个女孩昨天回家了，不是吗？ 肯定回答：Yes, she did.是的，
12、她回家了。 否定回答：No, she didnt.不，她没回家。,否定陈述句+肯定的简短问句。如： The work cant be done in 10 minutes, can it? 这项工作无法在10分钟之内做完，是吗？ 肯定回答：Yes, it can.不，它能。 否定回答：No, it cant.是的，它不能。,祈使句+will you?如： Be sure to come on time, will you? 保证按时来，好吗？ 祈使句的回答注意两点即可。一是“形式一致”，即yes（或OK）与will保持一致，no与wont保持一致；二是“意思相反”，即yes意为“不”，no意为
13、“是”。 注意：以lets开头的祈使句的反意疑问句部分应用shall we。,5. 中考常用how词组辨析,1. _ is your father? Does he still work as an engineer? Yes, he has been an engineer for thirty years. A. Who B. How C. What D. Which,C,中考链接,2. Tony, _ are you in such a hurry? The meeting will start soon. I dont want to be late. A. whereB. how C
14、. when D. why,D,3. _ do you speak English so well? Because I practice it with my partner every day. A. WhyB. When C. WhoD. What,A,中考链接,4. _ do you watch TV every week？ Less than two hours. I often have much homework to do. A. How manyB. How much C. How longD. How often,C,中考链接,5. _ is your brother? A
15、 bank clerk. He works in a bank near my home. A. Where B. How C. WhatD.Which,C,中考链接,6. He didnt go to the concert yesterday, did he? _ . He was busy studying for the tests all day. A. No, he didntB. Yes, he did C. No, he did D. Yes, he didnt,A,中考链接,7. Please help me carry it, _? A. will IB. will you
16、 C. shall ID. shall we,B,中考链接,8. _ can you finish the report on food safety? In two days. A. How farB. How much C. How oftenD. How soon,D,中考链接,9. _ is the nearest bus stop from here? Its 10 minutes walk. A. How oftenB. How long C. How soonD. How far,D,中考链接,1.Thechildrenhavepens. 否定句： 一般疑问句：2.Shehassomebreadforlunchtoday. 否定句： 一般疑问句：,综合练习:,Thechildrendont have pens.,Do the children have pens ?,Shedoest have any bread for lunch today.,Does she have any bread for lunch today?,summary,简单句的五种基本句型,陈述句
