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1、句子成分(Members of a Sentence)什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结
2、构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：一： （主谓）二： （主系表）三： （主谓宾）四： （主谓间宾直宾）五： （主谓宾宾补）基本句型 一： （主谓）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 （不及物动词） 61. The sun was shin
3、ing. 太阳在照耀着。2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。3. The universe remains. 宇宙长存。4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5. Who cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。练习：(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分， 4分钟） The teacher wit
4、h two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分， 10分钟） I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D.
5、 wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their b
6、reakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C.
7、in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book基本句型 二： （主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好
8、,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 （是系动词） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。3. He fell in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。5. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮6. The troubleis that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺
9、少钱。7. Our well has gone dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。There be 结构： There be 表示存在有。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词there那里混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示（存在）有某事物 试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词那里。 1. What is Mr Wang like? _. A. He is a teacher B. He is old and kind C. He looks like a ball
10、oon D. He likes English 2. What Mr White said sounds_. A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely 3. The poor boy _ blind at the age of three. A. turned B. goes C. became D. went 4. When he was a child he_ . A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came true 5. His voice_ as if he has a
11、cold. A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems 6. This shirt_ as if it is made of cotton. A. is B. looks C. feels D. seems 7. He looks _ he hadnt had a good meal for a month A. that B. as if C. when D. so far 8. It _that he was late for the train. A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems 9. These apples tas
12、te_. A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good 10. Do you like the shirt? Yes, it _ very soft. A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt 11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he_ asleep A. kept B. got C. fell D. fall 12. When I went home yesterday, it was _ dark. A. going B. getting C. running D. c
13、oming 13. Their plan _ to be a perfect one. A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving 14. The flowers in the garden _ sweet. A. sound B. taste C. become D. smell 15. She_ like her mother in character. A. looks B. seems C. is D. feels 16. It_ another fine day tomorrow. A. seems B. promises C. appears D. looks 17. He _ much younger than he
