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1、Unit 10 集中识词,一 本单元的语法重点： 现在完成时：1) 从过去的某时开始一直持续 到现在的动作或状态，并有 可能继续持续下去。 （谓语动词用延续性动词） 2)与从过去某一时刻开始持续 到现在的一段时间状语连用. 二 本单元的写作话题： 1 写你家乡的变化。 2 写你最喜欢（对你有特殊意义）的东西。,1 yard:,n.院子,在院子里,in the yard,在校园里,in the school yard,杰夫一家正在举行庭院拍卖会。,Jeffs family is having a yard sale.,2 sweet :,family : 1) 作一个整体“家庭”看作单数，动 词
2、用单三。 2) 表示“家庭成员”看作复数，动词 用复数。,on sale for sale,出售，上市 待售，销售,adj. n.,甜蜜的，甜的，含糖的 糖果（可数）,sweets /ts/,埃米想保留她的旧东西,因为它们勾起甜蜜的回忆。,Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories .,吃太多糖果对我们的牙齿有害。 Eating too many sweets is bad for our teeth.,3 memory:,n. 记忆，回忆(可数),memories,v.,memorize 记忆
3、，背诵,这本相册给了我许多校园时光的回忆。 The photo album has given many memories of my school days . 她的记忆力很好。 She has a good memory .,4 cent ：,n. 分,分币( 可数 ),cents /ts/,mm,raz,你可以花75分买到它。 You can have ( get ) it for 75 cents .,5 toy:,n. 玩具（可数）,toys / z /,soft toy toy bear,软体玩具，布绒玩具 玩具熊,埃米自从是个婴儿起，她就拥有了那个玩具熊. Amy has had
4、 the toy bear since she was a baby .,6 bear :,n. 熊(可数),bears / z / 区别:,beer,联想记忆：ear- bear dear fear gear( 齿轮)hear - near pear rear(饲养，养育，抚养) sear (烧焦) tear(眼泪) wear- year,7 maker:,n. 生产者，制订者,8 scarf:,埃米的妈妈买了那个旧面包机10多年了。 Amys mom has had the old bread maker for more than 10 years .,n. 围巾, 披巾 ,头巾 (可数
5、),scarfs /s/ / scarves /vz/,9 soft:,adj. 软的，柔软的 ( 反义) 比： 最： adv. 比 / 最：,hard,softer softest softly more / most softly,10 check:,1) n.在对面,2) adj:,对面的， 另一边的,在我的家乡，学校对面有一棵古老的大树。,In my hometown , there was a big old tree opposite the school .,= across from,我们住在马路对面。,We live on the opposite side of the r
6、oad .,3) adv . 在对面,有一个老人住在对面。,There is an old man living opposite .,4) n. “相反的人或物； 对立面” 常和of 连用,高是矮的反义词.,Tall is the opposite of short .,27especially :,adv. 尤其，特别，格外,在句中作状语，用于列举某个特例或某事物的 特殊性.( adj.),especial,specially 特意,专门地,在我那个时代的大多数孩子都喜欢在那棵大树下一起玩，尤其是在暑假期间。,Most of the children in my time liked to
7、 play together under that big tree, especially during the summer holidays .,28 childhood :,n.童年，幼年,那是多么快乐的一个童年啊。 It was such a happy childhood .,29 consider :,1） v.注视，仔细考虑,单三： 现分： 过去式/过去分词：,considers / z / considering considered / d /,他站在那里，注视着那幅画。 He stood there , considering the painting .,2) v.仔细
8、考虑 =,think about 后面 +,名词/代词/动名词/宾从/疑问词+to do 做宾语,我正在考虑换份工作呢。 Im considering changing my job . 他从没考虑如何赚更多的钱。 He has never considered how to make more money .,3) v.认为，把看作,我们把狗看作人类的朋友。 We consider dogs to be humans friends .,30 close to :,1） 几乎，接近 2） 离近 3） 与关系密切,这是因为这个岛离赤道很近。 This is because the island
9、 is so close to the equator . 钟伟接近三年没回去了。 Zhong Wei hasnt been back in close to three years .,31 hold :,1) v. 拥有,抓住,单三： 现分： 过去式/过去分词：,holds / dz/ holding held,她手里正拿着一本书。,She is holding a book in her hand .,他们将开会讨论这个问题。 They will hold a meeting to discuss the problem .,2) 举行,主持 = have,现在完成时态（三）,一用法：表
10、示过去某时开始，持续到现在的动 作或状态，并有可能继续持续下去。 常和表示“从过去某一时刻持续到现在 的一段时间连用。如： for +一段时间； since +过去的时间； since+一段时间+ago ; since +含过去时 的句子； how long 等。 我住在这里10年了。 I have lived here for 10 years .= I have lived here since 10 years ago.= I have lived here since 2005. I have lived here since I came here .,二 句中动词必须用延续性动词(
11、 否定句除外) . 这本书我买了3年了。 I have bought the book for 3 years . ( ) I have had the book for 3 years . ( ),三 延续性动词与非延续性动词的特点和用法： 延续性动词： 表经历、结果和一段时间连用； 非延续性动词：表行为的结果，不可与一段时 间连用。,自从那时他们就彼此认识了。,你哥哥参军多长时间了？ How long has your brother joined the army? How long has your brother been in the army? been a soldier ?,
12、错,对,They have known each other since then . 他已经读完那本名著了。 He has finished reading the classic .,用法：1）非延续性动词与时间点连用。 他三年前入团的. He joined the League 3 years ago . 那个老头20年前死了。 The old man died 20 years ago . 2) 延续性动词和段时间连用。 He has been in the League for 3 years . The old man has been dead for 20 years. The
13、 old man has been dead since 20 years ago .,3)关于since 的一个常考固定句型： It is +时间段+since + 过去时态的句子。 我来这里5年了.,1 have gone / left = have been away (from) 2 have come = have been here 3 have bought / = have had 4 have borrowed = have kept 5 have joined =have been a member of = have been in 6 have begun / star
14、ted = have been on,It is 5 years since I came here .,四 短暂性动词如何转换成延续性动词： 1 直接换成对应的延续性动词： 2 转换成 be+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语,7 have married/(got married)= have been married 8 have put on = have worn 9 have finished( ended) = have been over 10 have fallen asleep = have been asleep have got to sleep 11 have closed
15、 = have been closed 12 have died = have been dead 13 have gone to school = have been in school 14 have opened = have been open 15 have come back/ returned = have been back 16 have got to know = have known 17 have gone out = have been off 18 have arrived/got to /reached/moved to = have been in /at,19
16、 have become = have been 20 have caught a cold = have had a cold 21 have joined the army = have been in the army = have been a soldier 22 have joined the Party (League) = have been in the Party (League) = have been a Party (League) member,我父母结婚20年了。 My parents have been married for 20 years. 他离开家3天了。 He has been away from home for 3 days . 电影开始10分钟了。 The movie has been on for 10 minutes .,1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( ) 2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( ),A B C,A B C,B kept,B been
