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1、动 词 词一、动词的分类： 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（行为动词）、连系动词、助动词、情态动词。 实义动词有完整的词义，能单独做谓语根据用法，可分为及物动词（vt.后面直接跟名词或代词作宾语）和不及物动词（vi不能直接跟名词或代词，加宾语时必须加介词）。同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）但也有一些动词只能用做及物动词，如：visit, as
2、k, win, tell, answer, feel, serve, marry, discuss, beat, reach, kill, drop 等而下列一些动词通常情况下只能用做不及物动词：reply (to), return (to), point (to, at), knock (at, on, into), wait (for), listen (to), arrive (at, to), fall (down, off), look (at, after)2连系动词（Link Verb）它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况
3、。常见的连系动词有：be, feel, become, look, smell, seem, taste, sound, keep, 其它一些可以和形容词连用的动词也属于连系动词：fall ill / asleep, grow worse, turn red, get lost, keep healthy等助动词：本身没有词义，不能单独作句子的谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语主要帮助句子构成否定、疑问以及动词的不同时态、语态等语法特征。常见的助动词有：be, do (does, did), have / has, had, will, would 等。情态动词：本身有一定的词义，单不能单独做谓
4、语，后面必须跟其它动词的原形，表示说话人的语气和态度；常见的情态动词有：can (could), may(might), must, need 等。(1) can *能，会（表示能力）；*请求许可 cant be 不可能could: can的过去式，但有时表示委婉的语气。(2) may 可能（可能性）；*可以（请求许可，相当于can）；表示祝愿May you be happy! May you succeed!might * may的过去式；表示可能性（但可能性比may小）(3) must 必须，应该 mustnt 禁止 must be肯定, 一定(4) need 需要（一般用于否定句或疑问句
5、，肯定句中一般用做实义动词）neednt(= dont have to)没必要二、动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。 三、动词的时态：时态结构时态结构一般现在时动词原形（第三人称单数）一般过去时动词的过去式现在进行时am / is / are动词的过去进行时was / were动词的一般将来时will 动词原形am/ is / are going to动词原形过去
6、将来时would动词原形was / were going to动词原形现在完成时have / has 过去分词过去完成时had过去分词 各种时态的用法省略 go, come, arrive, leave, move, die等动词的进行时态可以表示对应的将来时态。 表示过去经常发生而现在不再做的事情用used to do 四、动词的被动语态 用法：动作的承受者作句子的主语。 基本结构：be + 过去分词 掌握下列一些常见结构：）一般现在时态：am / is / are 过去分词）一般过去时：was / were过去分词）现在完成时：have / has been过去分词）一般将来时：will
7、be 过去分词或者be going to be 过去分词 3.含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 4动词不定式的被动语态结构：to + be + 过去分词 There are twenty more trees to be planted. 5. 下列动词的主动语态表示被动语态。miss(丢失), sell well(销路好), need / want doingMy bike is missing. This kind of food sells well. Your coat needs watering. 6. happen, take place发生, last
8、(持续), cost, hold(容纳), have, like, feel, sound(听起来)等动词 没有被动形式。 Great changes have taken place in our school. The water can last three days. Silk feels soft and smooth. The cake looks nice. An accident happened to him.五、动词不定式：由to + 动词原形构成，没有人称和数的变化，有时to可以省略。在句中除了不能做谓语外，能够作其他一切成分。还能拥有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语。1
9、、动词不定式的句法功能：*做主语。常用It + be + 形容词+ ( of / for sb. ) + to do sth.结构。 of: good, bad, polite, kind, nice, clever, right, careful等 for: important, necessary, difficult, possible, dangerous等*做表语。常用在等连系动词后面，若主语很长而表语很短，可以将两者颠倒过来。 His job is to sell the computers. He seems to be interested in the detective s
10、tories.*做状语。表目的：She was here to visit her daughter. 表原因：Im sorry to trouble you.表结果：The box is too heavy to carry. 表示程度：This room is big enough to hold 200 people.*做定语。放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，若它与所修饰的名词有动宾关系，这个不定式应为及物的。如：I was the first to come. I have no pens to write with. (动宾关系)*做宾语。常见的动词有：want, agree, choo
11、se, try, decide, hope, wish, learn, fail, would like to do sth.*做宾语补足语。 1）必须使用 to的动词有：ask, tell, order, take, invite, want, wish, follow, wait for, teach, would like, allow sb. to do sth. 2）不能使用to的动词有：have, make, let; see, watch, hear, notice sb. do sth注意：在主动语态中，to 要省略；而在被动语态中，to 必须加上 3）可以使用to，也可以不用
12、的动词：help*疑问词（除why外） + 动词不定式 (what, when, how, where, which + to do sth.)2. 下列一些动词后面只能跟动名词（动词的 ing 形式）作宾语: enjoy, finish, mind, excuse, practice, keep, miss, spend, cant help be busy, be worth, keep on, carry on3. 下列一些动词后面可以跟动词不定式也可以跟动名词。 1）意义相同或相近的有：begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, plan 2）意思不
13、同的有：forget, remember, stop, see, hear, go on 4. 注意： had better (not) do sth, would rather (not) do sth练习题( )1 Every night the noise_.A. wakes him out B. wake up himC. wakes him up D. wake him up( ) 2 The room _ cool in summer andwarm in winter.A. feels B. is felt C. feels to be D. is felt to be( ) 3
14、 Please come to our meeting if you _ free tomorrow.A. will B. will be C. are D. were( ) 4 He_ his homework this time yesterday.A. is doing B. was doing C. did D. will do( ) 5 What _ they doing now in the forest?A. is B. are C. were D. was( ) 6 The girl_beautiful at all.A. isnt B. doesnt C. didnt D. arent) 7 I think Miss Gao is the best teacher in our school. _ you_ me? A. Do; agree with B. Are; agree with C. Are; angry with D. Are; agree with( ) 8 How many deer _ there on the farm last year?A. are B. were C. is D. was( ) 9 Ther
