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1、有效管理城市空气质量：培训、设备、人力资源的需求Overview of Capacity Building Requirements for Effective AQM in Cities: Training, Equipment, Human Resource,傅立新 Fu, Lixin 清华大学环境科学与工程系, Tsinghua University,提纲 Outline,能力建设的现状 Current Status 目前的重点 Focus 存在的问题 Problems 需求 Needs 如何做-设想? How to?,能力建设的现状 Current Status,城市大致可分3类 Ci
2、ties grouped in 3 categiry 发达城市（约10个） Developed (about 10) 一般城市（大多数） Conventional 欠发达城市（约20个）behind (about 20) 发达城市在设备方面较先进 Developed cities are relatively advanced in terms of equipment,能力建设的现状 Current Status,培训活动较多、人力资源较好 There are many training activities, human resource are abundant 国际合作（世行、亚行等）
3、与自主项目 A lot of international projects (such as WB, ADB), together with self-funded projects,能力建设的现状 Current Status,一般城市有基本的设备、效益发挥不充分 Conventional cities do have basic equipment, but their benefit are not fully realized 培训活动有，但不够满足需求 There are training activities, but not good enough to meet the nee
4、ds,能力建设的现状 Current Status,人力资源仍不能满足 Human resources are not sufficient 国际合作有一些 Participated in some international cooperation activities 自主项目很少 Few self-funded research projects on AQM,能力建设的现状 Current Status,欠发达城市的设备和基础设施不够 Equipment and infrastructure in behind cities are far from sufficient 培训活动很少
5、 Few training activities related to AQM 人力资源缺乏 Human resources are dearly lacked,能力建设的现状 Current Status,国际合作较少 Few international cooperation activities 自主项目基本没有 Almost no self-funded projects,2. 目前的重点 Focus,空气质量监测站的监测设备 Air quality monitoring instruments 大多数城市有几个自动监测站 Most cities have several automa
6、ted ambient air quality monitoring station 少数项目涉及到污染源监控设备 Less projects cover monitoring equipment for emission sources,2. 目前的重点 Focus,培训活动主要从属于硬件项目 Most training activities are attached /associated with investment projects 部分技援项目培训了技术人员 Some technical assistance projects cultivated a local technica
7、l team,3. 存在的问题 Problems,发达城市主要是管理机制问题 Major problem in developed cities are of management mechanism 如何提高环保部门的权威？ How to raise the power of Environmental Agency over parallel departments? 改进环保部门的决策能力 Improve the decision-making capacity of EPB,3. 存在的问题 Problems,资源配置优化问题： Resources allocation optimiz
8、ation: 信息共享与公共服务 Information sharing and public service 培训应该培训的人 Train those should be trained 设备与人力资源配置优化 Equipment and human resources integration,3. 存在的问题 Problems,政府管理人员换岗频繁 Government officials keep changing frequently 一般城市缺乏污染源监控设备 Conventional cities lack of monitoring equipment for emission
9、sources 交通微环境空气质量基本无监测 No monitoring of curbside air quality,3. 存在的问题 Problems,研究型的设备缺乏 Lack of equipment for research purpose 针对性强的培训活动不够 Less training with the right focus 缺乏支持决策的项目 Lack of project to support decision-making on AQM,3. 存在的问题 Problems,欠发达城市主要问题在经济基础 For behind cities major problem i
10、s economy 环境意识弱也是一个问题 Environmental awareness is rather weak 可持续发展认识不够 Few recognition of the significance of sustainable development,4. 需求 Needs,设备方面：For equipment: 移动式研究型空气质量监测设备 Mobile air quality monitoring equipment 移动式污染源监控设备 Mobile equipment for emission source monitoring 培训方面：For training: 对
11、媒体/NGO的培训 Media /NGO training,4. 需求 Needs,重要决策人员/决策机制的培训 Decision-makers/process training 公众参与及公共信息培训 Public participation and out-reaching 技术人员针对性培训 Technical training for specific topic 人力资源方面：For human resources 强化和整合国家层面的专家队伍 Enhance and integrate national experts team,4. 需求 Needs,在一般城市更多引入国际专家
12、Introduce more international experts for conventional cities 建立机制关联地方政府与国家/国际专家库 Build up links between localities and national /international experts team,4. 需求 Needs,建立地方专家队伍 Cultivate local experts team 输出专家与信息到欠发达城市 Inputting expertise /information to the behind cities,5. 如何做？ How to?,建立城市空气质量合作
13、网 Establish an AQM cooperation network among Chinese cities 会员制/保证信息的正确性 Membership /Correctness must guaranteed 由城市管理人员主导 Driving by the city AQM people,5. 如何做？ How to?,发达城市 For developed cities 与媒体合作 Involve the media 开展公共信息与公众参与的培训 Information dissemination and public training 建立信息分享渠道 Informatio
14、n sharing 支持长期的公共信息服务 Long-term public information service,5. 如何做？ How to?,一般城市：Conventional cities: 开展主题技术培训：城市空气质量管理 Topic of training: Urban Air Quality Management 进行示范项目：空气质量控制规划 Pilot project: Air quality control planning 进行示范项目：固定源/移动源控制方案 Pilot project: Stationary /mobile source control scheme,5. 如何做？ How to?,进行示范项目：城市PM控制策略 Pilot project: Urban PM control strategy 欠发达城市 The behind cities 媒体、政府与公众的环境意识培训 Training of environmental awareness for the media, government and public,Thank you !,
