《第二章-合同成立课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第二章-合同成立课件（47页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、CHAPTER 2 合同的成立,School of International Law Northwest University of Politics & Law,第二章-合同成立,Contents,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,第一节 要约 (offer),第二章-合同成立,Section A. OFFER,Is this extra limit valid in law?,Is this extra limit valid in law?,School of International Law,An offer also serves the
2、purpose of stating the terms on which you are prepared to be bound.,第二章-合同成立,一、 要约的含义,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,二、 要约的构成要件,III. The Basic Elements of an Offer An offer must be manifested An offer must indicate a desire to enter into a contract An offer must be directed to a specific perso
3、n or named group of persons An offer must invite acceptance An offer must create the reasonable understanding that upon acceptance,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,要约的构成要件,第二章-合同成立,要约的明确性英国判例,Gibson v Manchester City Council 1978 1 WLR and 1979 1 WLR,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,判断是否是要约的
4、依据,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,Question,School of International Law,Defendant A intended to sell his farm for 50,000 dollars to claimant B and therefore sent an offer to B. B accepted the offer the next day. After a week, another person C tried to purchase the defendants farm at a higher pr
5、ice, so the defendant promised to sell the farm to C and both parties signed a contract. When the claimant B attempted to finalize sale, defendant A denied there was a contract between them on the grounds that he was drunk when making the offer and the offer was a joke on claimant. Claimant sued for
6、 specific performance.,Defendant A intended to sell his farm for 50,000 dollars to claimant B and therefore sent an offer to B. B accepted the offer the next day. After a week, another person C tried to purchase the defendants farm at a higher price, so the defendant promised to sell the farm to C a
7、nd both parties signed a contract. When the claimant B attempted to finalize sale, defendant A denied there was a contract between them on the grounds that he was drunk when making the offer and the offer was a joke on claimant. Claimant sued for specific performance.,第二章-合同成立,II. The Basic Elements
8、 of an Offer,A communication omits significant terms,Add Your Title,The relationship of parties are different,II. Difference between an Offer and a Preliminary Proposal,要约与准备性的提议之间之区别,4,1,3,2,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,美国第二次合同法重述第26条,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,要约与要约邀请的区别,Differen
9、ce between an Offer and an invitation to treat.,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,Section A. OFFER,School of International Law,Shop displays,第二章-合同成立,Section A. OFFER,Advertisement,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,四、要约的转让,IV. Assignment of an Offer,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,五、要约的撤销
10、,V. Withdrawal of an Offer,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,判例,Leading English case Dickinson v Dodds (1876) 2 Ch D 463,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,六、要约的不可撤销性,VI. Irrevocability of an Offer,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,Option contract,Example: A offers to sell a car to B for 3,0
11、00 dollars and B pays A 100 dollars in exchange for As promise not to revoke his offer for 90 days. one month later, B expressly tells A that he will not accept As offer. This will not bring the offer to en end.,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,Termination by counter-offer 因受要约人提出反要约而终止,Terminat
12、ion by Rejection by the offeree 因受要约人拒绝要约而终止,Termination by Revocation 因要约被撤销而终止,1,VII. Termination of an Offer,3,2,七、要约的终止,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,Section A. OFFER,School of International Law,第二章-合同成立,反要约与承诺的区别,Difference between counter-offer and acceptance,第二章-合同成立,Questions,1. Eric
13、offers to sell his car to Sam for $5,000 cash. Sam replies: “I accept you offer but I can pay you $4,500 cash only because I think you should give me some discount if I pay you immediately.” 2. Eric offers to sell his car to Sam for $5,000 cash. Sam replies: “I will pay you $2,000 cash and a one yea
14、r note at 10% interest for the balance.” 3. Eric offers to sell his car to Sam for $5,000 cash before 21st Aug. Sam replies: “I accept your offer but the condition is that I only want to buy the car after September.”,第二章-合同成立,第二节 承诺 (acceptance),第二章-合同成立,一、承诺的含义,承诺是受要约人向要约人表达对要约的同意。 Acceptance is th
15、e offerees manifestation of assent to the offer. 要点： （1）承诺是自愿的，主动的，有意识的接受要约； （2）只有受要约人才能接受要约； （3）承诺是无条件的全盘接受。,第二章-合同成立,承诺的意义,合同成立,第二章-合同成立,二、承诺的方式,第二章-合同成立,承诺的效力,第二章-合同成立,典型案例,【案例】Entores v Miles Far East Co. （1995） 【案情】 原告公司在伦敦，他通过电话传真向被告在阿姆斯特丹的代理人发出了一项要约，被告的代理人，也用的同样的方式作出承诺，但在电传承诺的过程中线路中断。原告后来声称被告
16、违约，向法院起诉。 【判决】由于承诺通知完成前线路中断，故合同并未成立。,第二章-合同成立,第三节 对价,第二章-合同成立,两种合同为法律所认同,第二章-合同成立,一、对价的定义,对价是指根据协议已经履行或者允诺合同义务当事人的到某种利益，或者是接受履行的对方当事人为此遭受某种损害的事实要素，是对履行合同的当事人的一种回报。 对价是购买对方允诺的价格,第二章-合同成立,二、对价的形式,第二章-合同成立,三、对价的规则,第二章-合同成立,案例分析,【案例】Re McArdle (1951) 【案情】 McArdle先生在世时留下遗嘱，将自己的房屋留给妻子占用，妻子去世后再归他们的子女所有。 McArdle先生去世后不久，他的儿子和儿媳搬进来与母亲居住。儿媳花费488英镑对房屋进行装修。装修完成后， McArdle先生的所有子女一致同意，在母亲去世后子女分配财产时，先从遗产中提出488英镑，用以补偿儿媳装修房子的费用。但后来有的子女改变了主意，于是儿媳请求法院判令从遗产中先获得488英镑的补偿。 问：法院该如何判决此案？,第二章-合同成立,英国判决,Lord Blackburn 在Bolt
