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1、淋巴系统解剖课件,1,CH 23: The Lymphatic System,Goals Discuss the organization of the lymphatic system, including the vessels, principal lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen Explain the relationship between the lymphatic and circulatory systems, and the role of lymphoid tissue structures and lymphocytes in the bo
2、dys defense,Accessory to cardiovascular system there are two drainage systems,淋巴系统解剖课件,2,Overview of the Lymphatic System,Includes, vessels, fluid, and nodes or nonsecreting glands. Lymphatic vessels convey fluid from the periphery to the veins. The fluid, lymph (=clear spring water), is what seeps
3、out of the blood at the peripheral capillaries. Composition is similar to plasma without the proteins Lymphatic organs or tissues (glands) are filtering areas and arenas of lymphocyte maturation and competency.,淋巴系统解剖课件,3,Major Functions of Lymphatic System,Filtration of lymph Return of seeped fluid
4、 to c.v. system “Education” and production of immune system lymphocytes Transport of digested lipids from small intestinal lacteals,淋巴系统解剖课件,4,Lymph Capillaries,Thin walled endothelium (no BM) with periodic one way valves. In general they parallel veins. Closed ends allow fluid flow inward only Pick
5、 up and recycle extra tissue fluid,Lymph circulation due to ?,Compare to Fig. 23.2,淋巴系统解剖课件,5,Location of Lymph Capillaries,Everywhere, except for CNS and bone marrow, as well as cornea and cartilage. Special set of lymph capillaries in villi of small intestine = Lacteals,淋巴系统解剖课件,6,Damaged valves o
6、r blocked lymph vessels ?,Lymphatic vessels,comparable in structure to veins,淋巴系统解剖课件,7,Lymph capillaries converge to become collecting vessels and end up as either Thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct,Thoracic (left lymphatic) duct,Left subclavian vein,Right lymphatic duct,Right subclavian vein,Cy
7、sterna Chyli,Fig 23.4,淋巴系统解剖课件,8,largest,淋巴系统解剖课件,9,Lymphocytes,Agranulocytes - large nuclei and small amount of cytoplasm Function in identification and inactivation/destruction of pathogens Types of Lymphocytes T Cells - cellular immunity - specific for previously identified pathogens T Helper, T
8、Killer, T Suppressor, and memory cells B Cells - humoral immunity - plasma cells produce antibodies specific to the antigen or pathogen; memory cells NK cells - non-specific, provide immunological surveillance,淋巴系统解剖课件,10,Bone Marrow: Lymphopoiesis,Lymphocytes are later also produced in thymus, sple
9、en and tonsils,Fig 23.7,淋巴系统解剖课件,11,1,2,2,C.t. loaded with Lymphocytes Lymphoid nodules are unencapsulated clusters of lymphocytes ( 1mm). Found beneath epithelial lining of respiratory, digestive & urinary tracts Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) in GI tract 5 tonsils aggregate lymphoid nod
10、ules in small intestine (= Peyers patches) appendix - walls contain lymphoid tissue,Lymphoid Tissue,= adenoids,淋巴系统解剖课件,12,Lymph Nodes, 500 ( 1mm to 25 mm) Bean-shaped with hilus several afferent vessels, one efferent vessel Function? Popular term “lymph gland” is misnomer. Why? Contain lots of lymp
11、hocytes & Macrophages Clinical application: Swollen lymph nodes,Fig 23.9,淋巴系统解剖课件,13,Distribution of LNs,Cervical lymph nodes - drain head and neck Axillary lymph nodes - drain arms and breasts Popliteal lymph nodes - drain legs, drain into Inguinal lymph nodes - drain lower limb Thoracic lymph node
12、s - drain thoracic viscera Abdominal lymph nodes - drain pelvic region Intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes - drain abdominal viscera,淋巴系统解剖课件,14,Thymus,Location above heart, posterior to sternum Divided into lobules Only lymphoid organ that does NOT fight antigens, it functions as “T-cell academy”
13、 Blood thymus barrier prevents premature stimulation of developing T-cells Involution after puberty Epithelial cells produce thymic hormones,淋巴系统解剖课件,15,Largest lymphoid organ Soft and very blood rich Red pulp sinusoids containing RBCs white pulp lymphoid tissue Major Functions: Initiation of Immune response to antigens in blood Removal of aged and defective RBCs Repository for new RBCs Fe salvaging, storage and recycling,Spleen,Fig 23-17,Surfaces named for contacts: diaphragmatic, visceral, gastric, renal,the end,
