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1、初二英语 被动语态一、 语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。判断：看我上面举的例子，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？ He opened the door.他开了门。
2、(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)说明：好了，现在我们对被动语态的句子形式有了一个形象的认识，但英语句子是千变万化的，这时就需要你有“火眼金睛”了。下面老师就来具体讲一讲被动语态的构成。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。说明：别看英语中一会儿主动被动一会儿现在时一会儿过去时啥的，好像看得咱们眼花缭乱啦。其实呢，这么一堆东西归纳起来，就两点：时态和语态。 一般现在时：amisaretaught 一般过去时：wasweretau
3、ght 一般将来时：willshall betaught 现在进行时：amisare beingtaught 过去进行时：havehas beentaught 现在完成时：havehas beentaught 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。说明：那么，什么时候用被动语态呢？简单的说，凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was publishe
4、d in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词
5、的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。 补充内容： 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are madeby them
6、in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away. Th
7、ey should do it at once. It should be done at once. 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often
8、 sang C. is often sang D. is often sung4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used21 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep2 -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sor
9、ry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold3 A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building4 The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left5 Doctors _ in every part of the
10、world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need6 His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published31 Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking2 These papers_yet. A. have not written
11、B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written3 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt41 -My shoes are worn out.A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?2 _ the watch been repaired y
12、et? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D . Are3 _ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do51 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held2 Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by3 W
13、here _ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am61 The flowers _ often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water2 The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow3 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can
14、be mended71 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt2 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown3 The old stone bridge _ next week.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild81 Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept2 The pot _ for _ hot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to kee
