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1、非谓语动词The function of the infinitive(不定式)1. To say is easy, but to do is difficult .2. My dream is to go college some day. 3. They wanted to help me .4. Would you like some to eat ?5. They run over to welcome the foreign visitors.6. Our teacher asked us not to talk in the class.The function of the -i
2、ng form(V-ing)1. Eating too much is bad for your health.2. His job is selling computers.3. She likes reading newspaper after supper .4. He may be in the reading room.不定式: 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+ 动词原形”，有时可以不带 to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。（一 ） 动 词 不 定 式 的 特 征 及 用 法1.动词不定式
3、的构成及特征“to +动词原形”构成动词不定式，是一种非谓语形式，在句子中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。2.动词不定式的用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。作主语To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. 作宾语: decide /determine, learn ,want, expect/hope/wish; 决心学习想希望, refuse, manage, care, pretend ; 拒绝设法愿假装。 offer, promise, choos
4、e, plan; 主动答应选计划agree, ask/beg, help. 同意请求帮一帮。 She pretended not to see me when I passed by.We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. 1. We plan _ more paintings this year. (buy) 2. She is looking forward to _ art classes at her new school. (start) 3. He is attempting _ his painting
5、 by the weekend. (finish) 4. She promised _ me around the art gallery. (take) 5. Dont put off _ that exhibition. (visit)作宾语补足语He asked me to do the work with him. 在 feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等词后的补足语中, 不定式不带 to。 I often hear him sing the song. He is
6、often heard to sing the song. 作状语: 1).作目的状语：to do ,in order to do,和 so as to doHe broke into the house to steal Something. She studied very hard in order to catch up with others. 2).作结果状语： enoughto do , tooto , soas to do , such as to doShe was so late as to miss half of the lecture.She is such a go
7、od student as to be respected by all her students.The house is large enough to hold two hundred people.3).作原因状语She was surprised to see us in the street. He laughed to hear the news. 作定语I have some books for you to read. He is looking for a room to live in. Have you anything to send? Have you anythi
8、ng to be sent?作表语My job is to help the patient. 主, 表都是不定式, 前者为条件, 后者为目的或结果。To learn a language is to use it. My chief purpose is _ the difficulties of the matter.A. pointing out B. to be pointed C. pointed D. to point out 动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式 not + to + 动词原形例如： He asked me not to make such a mistake
9、.动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问代词 who, what, which 和疑问副词 when, where, how, why 等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：(1) He doesnt know how to use the machine.(2) How to use the machine is a question.(3) The question is when to go there.（二 ） 动 词 不 定 式 的 时 态 和 被 动 形 式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1
10、 一般式 to do I like to read English.2 进行式 to be doing He seemed to be reading something at that time.3 完成式 to have done He seemed to have cleaned the room.4 被动式 to be done The work is to be done soon.5 完成被动式 to have been done The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.二、分词分词是动词非谓语形式的一种，包括
11、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。（一）分词的作用分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。例如：1作定语Do you know the boy standing at the gate?Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？2作表语We are excited at the news.The news he told us is exciting.3作宾语补足语I heard him singing a song in the classroom.We found the ground co
12、vered with snow.4作状语While lying in bed, he listened to some music.Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。（二）分词的时态现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如：Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.现在分词的完成
13、时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。常用作状语。例如：Having finished his homework, he went to bed.（三）现在分词的被动式被动一般式 being done被动完成式 having been doneThis is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city. Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.（四）分词的否定形式分词的否定式，由 not+分词构成，例如：Not having heard th
14、e news. I wrote to him again.Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.（五）分词独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting being over, they all left the room.三 、 动 名 词动名词是动词非谓语形式的
15、一种,由动词加 ing 构成。动名词既有动词特征，也有名词特征。动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如： Smoking does great harm to peoples health. My job is looking after children. I have finished reading the novel. We have got a swimming pool in our school.动名词的否定形式由 not +动名词构成。例如：He made me angry by not taking the medicine.动名词的复合结构由名词所有格或物主代词加上动名词构成。例如：Would you mind my opening the door?动名词的一般式，表示的动作可以与谓语动词同时发生或在前，或在后。例如：We all enjoy listening to music.(同时发生)Do you remember meeting me there?（在谓语动词前发生）动名词的完成式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。例如：I regret not having been taken to the Great Wall when I was a child.She attended the p
