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1、动词的语态被动语态练习 1 / 6（1）语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现 出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。如：They built the bridge. The bridge was built by them.(二)被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词 be及物动词的过去分词” 构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。歌诀是：被动语态 be 字变，过去分词跟后面。情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词(三)被动语态的用法1)
2、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的 ) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于 1981 年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天
3、8 小时睡眠必须得到保证。歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by 短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be 后“过分”来使用。(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词 by 的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该 by 短语) 。如：Li Lei planted the tree last year. The tree was planted by Li Lei last ye
4、ar. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。注意：表示“使、让” 的动词 make, have 等，以及感官动词 see, watch, observe, f
5、eel, hear, listen to, look at 等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带 to。如：I saw him go into the teachers office. He was seen to go into the teachers office. 看见他进入了教师办公室。(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加 to 或 for 留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：He gave
6、 me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带 to 的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw 等；间接宾语前带 for 的动词有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save 等。(4) 动词 believe, consider
7、, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think 等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。(5) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。The baby was looked after by
8、her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把 to do 变成 to be done（五）不用被动语态的情况1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. After t
9、he fire, very little remained of my house. 动词的语态被动语态练习 2 / 6比较： rise, fall, happen 是不及物动词；raise, seat 是及物动词。 (错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen. (错) The accident was happened last week. (对) The accident happened last week. (错) The price has raised. (对) The price has been raised. (
10、错) Please seat. ( 对) Please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belo
11、ng to This key just fits the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 3) 系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn .It sounds good. 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life . She dreamed a bad
12、 dream last night. 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 (对) She likes to swim. ( 错) To swim is liked by her.二、复习时需要注意的要点（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语； 主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中 by 的宾语。（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语；把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。（3）在短语 see sb. do
13、 sth. 中，动词 see 后跟不带 to 的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上 to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如 see, hear 等，以及使役动词 make, let 等。注意：1）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带 to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to 。例如：The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老师逼我走出教室。 I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）.We saw him play football on the playgr
14、ound. 我们看见他在草场踢球。 He was seen to play football on the playground.2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业需要的电。12.1 let 的用法 1）当 let 后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带 to 的不定式。例如：They let the strange go.他们放陌生人走了。- The strange was let go.2）当 let 后宾补较
15、长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用 allow 或 permit 代替。例如：The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那护士让我去探望住院的同学。- I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.12.2 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。12.3 表示据说 或相信 的词组，基本上由 believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand 等组成。例如： It is said that 据说 It is reported that 据报道 It is believed that大家相信 It is hoped that大家希望 It is well known that 众所周知
