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1、1非谓语动词一. 不定式1 不定式各种形式主 动 被 动一般式 to write to be written进行式 to be writing 完成式 to have written to have been written2. 不定式的一般式与谓语的时间关系: 二者同时发生: 如 I saw him go out.Would you help me put things in order?发生在谓语动词之后,如: I hope to see you again.The boy said he wanted to be a steel worker.3.不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词
2、之前,如: To have known her is a privilege. This house seems to have been built by a good architect.He is too young to have seen the old society.4.不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作，如： The weather seems to be improving. He seemed always to be washing his hands.5 不定式的被动式用法： Its a great honour to be invited to th
3、e banquet. No harm seems to have been done. I had to shout to be heared.二.v-ing 的各种形式主 动 被 动一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done三. 动词过去分词只有一种形式, 即 V-ed 或不规则过去分词形式。四. 非谓语动词一些特别注意点:1. 现在分词形容词与过去分词形容词的用法区别:disappointing (令人失望的) moving (感人的) interesting (有趣的)disappointed(感到失望的) moved (感动
4、的) interested (感兴趣的)touching (动人的 ,感人的) surprising (令人惊讶) shocking (令人气愤的)touched (受感动,激动) surprised (感到惊讶) shocked (感到震惊)puzzling (令人费解的) frightening (骇人的,引起恐惧的) puzzled (困惑的 ) frightened (受惊的,感到害怕的)exciting (令人激动/兴奋的) boring (令人厌烦的,没趋的 ) excited (激动/兴奋的) bored (对感到厌倦 /烦闷)现在分词表示主语或被修饰的名词的性质,状态或品质。过
5、去分词则表示主语的感受。如： The book was rather boring. The children quickly got bored with staying at home.2.“连词+分词”结构：在连词 while/when/as/though/although/unless/if/once 等引起的状语从句中，若从句的主2语与主句的主语一致，而且谓语部分有 be 动词时，可将从句的主语和 be 动词省去，而只留下“连词+分词”部分。例： The captain advised the soldier not to say anything unless （he was）as
6、ked. You should do as (you were ) told to.3. 现在分词与过去分词做状语的区别：用什么样的分词，要取决于分词所表达的动作与句子主语的关系，主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。如 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.注意:垂悬分词现象没有这种关系。常见的垂悬分词有：Generally/strictly/frankly speaking 一般说来/严格地说/ 坦率地讲Judging from/by
7、 ， 由 来判断 Considering ，考虑到 Supposing ，假定 Compared with/to ，与 相比Given ，鉴于 考虑到 Provided ，倘若 在 条件下 Including 包括 【例句】 Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. Given that they are inexperienced, they have done a good job.4现在分词作状语时的时态现在分词在用作时间，原因，让步，方式时，若分词表示
8、的动作先于谓语动作，则常用 延续性动词的完成式（having+p.p.）形式; 非延续性动词的一般式或完成式。如： Having lived here for five years,I wasnt familiar with everyone. Hearing/having heard a sound, the baby stopped crying. 若分词表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，则常用延续性动词的分词一般式，如 Being used, the machine cant be lent to others. He translated the whole article,using a
9、 English-Chinese dictionary.现在分词做条件,伴随,结果状语时,常用其一般式,与动词的延续与否无关,如 Heating water, we can change it into vapour.(条件) We listened carefully, putting sth down from time to time.(伴随) Tom cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.(结果)5.部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用 being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：los
10、t in（陷入某种状态）、seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed（沉溺于）、 born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）,located in/at/between 等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。3Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it. 出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。考题精炼1. When_， the
11、 museum will be open to the public next year.A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed2. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. founding3. The research is so designed that once _ nothing c
12、an be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun4. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited5. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B. preparing C.
13、prepared D. was preparing6. _ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not Known7. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having added B. to a
14、dd C. adding D. added8. She asked me to help her, _ that she couldnt move the heavy suitcase alone.A. not realize B. realizing C. having been realized D. realized9. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make10_ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered11. _ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 12. Finding her car stolen,
