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1、第一单元 名词性从句语法点：名词性从句语法解释：（一）名词性从句的本质所谓名词性从句，就是把完整的句子经过适当调整后当作名词来使用。一般来讲，名词在句中主要充当四种成分：主语、宾语、表语和同位语。同样，我们也可以用一个完整的句子充当这四种成分，常见的名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。什么句子可以当作名词来用呢？能够起作名词作用的句子有三类：陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。因此，名词性从句可简单理解为：名词性从句就是用三种句子来分别充当另外一个句子的四种句子成分。但是，这三种句子不是直接放在另一个句子中作成分，而是要作适当调整。（二）句式调整1用陈述句作成分时，需要在句首
2、加 that 来引导。例如：陈述句 名词从句 解释English is difficult. That English is difficult is not my idea.（有人认为英语很难，我可不这么认为。）陈述句作主语，构成主语从句。Love, not time heals all wounds.Ive learned that love, not time heals all wounds. （我明白了，是爱而不是时间能够治愈一切创伤。）陈述句作宾语，构成宾语从句。The child should be sent to school.My idea is that the child
3、 should be sent to school. （我认为这孩子应该送去上学。）陈述句作表语，构成表语从句。He succeeded in the experiment.The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. （他试验取得成功，这让大家很高兴。）陈述句作同位语，补充说明名词 the fact，构成同位语从句。2用一般疑问句作成分时，需要先将疑问句的倒装语序换成正常语序，然后在句首加上 whether 或 if （if 只用于宾语从句中）来引导，以保留原句疑问意义。例如：一般疑问句 名词从句 解释Will
4、 he come to my party?Whether he will come to my party makes no difference to me.（他来不来参加我的聚会对我来说无所谓。）一般疑问句作主语，构成主语从句。Does he need my help? I dont know if / whether he needs my help. （我不知道他是否需要我的帮助。）一般疑问句作宾语，构成宾语从句。Will people live on the moon someday?My question is whether people will live on the moo
5、n someday. （我的问题是，人类在未来某一天是否真的能生活在月球上。）一般疑问句作表语，构成表语从句。Is there life on other planets?Scientists have argued over the question whether there is life on other planets. （科学家们一直就是否有外星人这个问题争论不休。）一般疑问句作同位语，补充说明question，构成同位语从句。3用特殊疑问句作成分时，只需要将疑问句的倒装语序换成正常的陈述语序。例如：特殊疑问句 名词从句 解释Why did dinosaurs become ext
6、inct? （恐龙为什么会灭绝？）Why dinosaurs became extinct is still a mystery. （恐龙为什么会灭绝目前还是个未解之谜。）特殊疑问句作主语，构成主语从句。How many letters are there in the English alphabet? （英文字母表中有多少个字母？）I dont know how many letters there are in the English alphabet. （我不知道英文字母表中有多少个字母。）特殊疑问句作宾语，构成宾语从句。What are we badly in need of? （我
7、们目前最需要什么？）Money is what we are badly in need of. （我们急需的就是钱。）特殊疑问句作表语，构成表语从句。Where could we get the loan? （我们能去哪里弄到这笔贷款？）There arose the question where we could get the loan. （现在的问题是我们去哪里弄到这笔贷款。）特殊疑问句作同位语，补充说明 question，构成同位语从句。4引导名词从句的常用连词：名词从句的引导词 对应的句子类型 是否作成分连词 that 陈述句 that 在从句中不作成分连词 whether, if
8、 一般疑问句 whether, if 在从句中不作成分连接副词 when, where, why, how特殊疑问句 when, where, why, how 在从句中作状语；连接代词：who, whom, what, which, whose特殊疑问句 who, whom, what 在从句中作主语，宾语或表语；whose 在从句中作定语，后面接名词连用；which 在从句中可作主语和宾语，也可以作定语，后面接名词连用。5在一个句子当中，可能会含有多个名词从句，这样会使句子变得更复杂，遇到时要仔细分析句子结构。例如：a) I realized that what I said was no
9、t exactly what I meant to say. （我后来意识到，当时所说的话并非是我真正想要说的。）在 that 引导的宾语从句中同时含有 what 引导的主语从句和 what 引导的表语从句。b) The question is how what you have learned can be put into practice. （问题是，你所学到的知识如何才能应用于实践。）在 how 引导的表语从句中含有 what 引导的主语从句。用例：（一）主语从句1that 引导的主语从句句型：that 引导的主语从句直接放在句首的较少，如：a) That he doesnt unde
10、rstand English is obvious.b) That the world is round is a fact.c) That the moon itself does not give off light is common knowledge.更常见的是用 it 作形式主语置于句首，而将 that 引导的主语从句放在句末，例如：a) It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.b) It is a shame that you didnt pass the test. 下列句型是常见的主语从句句型：1）It is +
11、 过去分词 + that 从句：Its reported that 据报道Its believed that 人们相信It is generally thought that 人们普遍认为It should be noted that 应当注意It has been found that 现已发现It must be pointed out that 必须指出可用于同样句型的动词有：say, expect, know, estimate, forecast 等。2）It is + 形容词 + that 从句：It is clear that 显然It is possible that 很可能I
12、t is likely that 很可能It is natural that 很自然It is certain that 可以相信It is strange that 奇怪的是It is fortunate that 幸运的是It is necessary that 有必要3）It is + 名词短语 + that 从句：a pity, a shame, an honor, a good idea, no wonder, 等等。It is a pity that 可惜的是It is a fact that 事实是It is good news that 真是太好了。It is a good t
13、hing that 真是件好事。It is no wonder that 难怪It is a shame that 遗憾的是；真是太不像话了。It is an honor that 真荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识It is my belief that 我相信It is a miracle that 真是奇迹4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句：seem, appear, turn out, come about, 等等。It seems that 似乎It follows that 因此， 由此可见It happens that 碰巧It tur
14、ns out that 结果证明是It comes about that 结果是5）其他结构：It dawns upon/on sb. that 某人突然想起It occurs to sb. that 某人突然想起It makes no difference that 无所谓It doesnt need to be bothered that 不必担忧It is of little consequence that 无关紧要（二）宾语从句的位置：1） 在及物动词后作宾语：a) I think that a sound knowledge of grammar is indispensable
15、to good writing.b) I dont know who has been elected president of the committee. c) Parents generally buy whichever books their children want.2） 在双宾语动词后作直接宾语：a) Could you tell me where the post office is?b) I assure you that I had no intention of offending you.c) Tell us who has been elected presiden
16、t of the committee.3） 在介词后作宾语：a) I find the best way to concentrate is to make notes on what the teachers are saying.b) You should vote for which candidate you assume best. c) There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.d) That depends on how hard you work.e) We will plug
