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1、Module 9,Animals in danger,Unit 3,Language in use,Grammar,动词不定式,当我们要表示“想做某事、需要 做某事或决定做某事”时，就会 出现两个动词连用的情况，这时 应如何表达呢,同学们自然会想到want to do sth., need to do sth.和decide to do sth. 等表达方式,主要行为动词后面的动词都采用了 “to+动词原形”的结构，我们把这种 结构称为动词不定式（有时可以不带 to）。动词不定式没有人称和数的变 化，在句子中不能作谓语。下面我们 一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些语法 功能,1. 什么是动词不定式,
2、1. 不定式作主语 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语， 而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。 eg. It is good to help others. 帮助他人是件好事。 It is exciting to surf the Internet. 上网是件令人兴奋的事,2. 动词不定式的语法功能,2. 不定式作宾语 学习不定式作宾语时,要注意掌握后接不 定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有: want, hope, wish, like, begin, try, need, forget, agree, help 等。 Many people decide not to think about it.
3、 许多人决定不去想这件事。 I want to go to the library. 我想去图书馆,3. 不定式作定语 不定式修饰名词或代词，起形容词的 作用，在句中作定语，放在被修饰对 象的后面，请看下列句子： I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。 Im hungry. Give me something to eat, please. 我饿了, 请给我点吃的吧,4. 不定式作状语 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结 果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不 定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一 致。 I came to Beijing to see m
4、y grandpa. 我来北京看望我爷爷的。 Im glad to meet you！很高兴见到你！ Im too tired to walk. 我太累了，走不动了,5. 不定式作补语 不定式可以作补语，如： She told me to buy a ticket. 她让我去买张票。 6. 不定式作表语 不定式还可以作表语，如： Our duty today is to clean the floor. 今天我们的任务是打扫地板,3. 不定式的语用功能,1）表示“决定、计划、打算做某 事”，如： We need to help the animals live in peace. 我们要帮助动
5、物生活在安全的环境里。 Many people decide not to think about it. 很多人决定不去想这件事,这是同学们最熟悉的表达方式，再如： hope to do sth., plan to do sth.和want to do sth.。我们会发现，动词后面的不定 式所表示的都是未来发生的事情。如果 表示“决定不做某事，打算不做某事”， 就可以采用decide not to do sth.和plan not to do sth.结构的句型。 这种放在动词之后的不定式，表示决定 和打算的行为，被称为动词宾语,2）表示对某一行为的描述，如： It was interes
6、ting to learn about the Wolong Panda Reserve. 了解卧龙大熊猫自然环境保护区的知 识很有趣。 Its sad to think about all those animals in danger. 想起那些濒危动物让人很难过,当我们要表示“做某事很重要”等类似概 念时就可以使用包含动词不定式的这个 句型：It is to do sth. 如： It is important to build a nature reserve. 建立一个自然保护区十分重要。 It is good to get up early in the morning. 早晨早起
7、有好处。 在这些句子中，it所指的正是不定式所 表达的概念，it为形式主语，不定式为 真正主语,3）表示一个人对某件事的态度，如： Are you surprised to find out that whales are in danger? 发现鲸处境很危险你感到震惊吗？ 当我们表示类似于“见到您很高兴”之类 的意思时，可以采用sb. be glad to do sth. 的句型。如： He was happy to see them again. 他为再次见到他们而感到高兴,4）表示某一事或物的某种属性，如： Their water isnt good to drink 他们的水不适宜饮
8、用 当我们要表达诸如“这个问题很难回 答”、“这些苹果不好吃”之类的意思时， 一般可以采用sth. is +形容词+ to do的结 构。如： This question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答,5）计划、方案、时间等名词后常用不定式，如： The government has made a new plan to help pandas. 政府已经制订了一个保护大熊猫的新计 划。 不定式在句中作名词的定语,6）表示目的，如： Our government is working hard to save pandas. 政府正在努力拯救大熊猫。 在英语
9、中如果表示“做某事是为了什么” 时，就可以用动词不定式表示目的，称为 目的状语。不定式可以放在句首，也可以 放在句尾。如： To catch the early bus he got up at 5 oclock in the morning. 为了赶上早班车，他早晨5点就起床了,7）表示“可以派某种用场”这类意思,如: Many animals have no place to live in. 许多动物没有地方生存。 当要表示“可以居住的房间”、“可以食用 的东西”、“可以停车的地方”等类概念 时，就可以用动词不定式，在这种句子 中不定式作名词的定语。如： There is no plac
10、e to park cars in this area. 这里没有可以停车的地方,8）表示某事或物怎么样，如： The difficulty is to stop people killing them. 最困难的是阻止人们猎杀它们。 Your duty today is to send these letters out. 你今天的任务就是把这些信都发出去。 本句中不定式置于系动词后面，作表 语，对主语进行补充说明,课堂小测验,1. Would you please tell me next? A. how to do B. what to doC. what do I do D. how
11、I should do 2. The girl wasnt to lift that bookcase.A. too strongB. enough strongC. strong enough D. so strong,一、单项选择,3. For a time his grandmother found _ accept his new idea. A. hard B. it hard C. it hard to D. it is hard to 4. As she has never been there before, Ill have someone her the way. A. s
12、how B. to show C. showing D. showed 5. You drive slowly. The roads are wet.A. had rather B. would ratherC. had better D. would better,6. Nothing can make the brave soldier _ his country.A. turn against B. to turn againstC. to turn to D. turn to 7. In the old days it was difficult for the poor a job.
13、A. find B. to find C. look D. to look for,8. When learning a foreign language, try our best the spirit of it.A. master B. hold C. take hold of D. to master 9. It was foolish his car unlocked. A. for him to leave B. of him to leaveC. for him leave D. him to leave 10. Remember the newspaper when you h
14、ave finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. will put back,11. Napoleon spoke so loudly as to _ in front of his soldiers. A. hearB. be heard C. listen D. be listened to 12. Television and radio _ to know what is going on all over the world. A. made it possible of us B. have made us
15、 possible C. have made it possible for us D. have made it be possible for us,13. I have enjoyed my visit here. Ill be very sorry . A. for leavingB. to leave C. if leaving D. to have left 14. I dont see how I could possible manage _ the work without _. A. to finish； helping B. to finish；being helped
16、C. finishing；helping D. finishing；being helped,15. We all think it most foolish _ this mistake. A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make 16. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still . A. a good place which to be lived in B. a good place to live C. a good place to live in D. a good place to live for,17. You were lost on your way to the lake, werent you? Yes, we were and had to stop _ the way. A. asking B. to ask C. a
