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1、虚拟语气,虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而 不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特 殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中 的用法,用在宾语从句,用在条件句中If,用在主语从句 ( should)+动词原形,用在表语从句、同位语从句中,用在定语从句中,用在 (要是就好了)引导的句中,用在would rather 引导的宾语从句中,用在may+动词原形表“祝愿,用在as if (as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句中,一、用在宾语从句 1.在动词suggest, insist, order, demand, desire, request require,
2、arrange, command, propose等后面的宾语从句中，用“（should）+动词原形”。例,We suggested that we ( should ) have meeting,另：.Suggest作“暗示、表明”解时，宾语从句不用虚拟 语气. e.g. His attitude suggested that he was angry,insist “力言”、“坚持（认为）”解时，宾语从句不用 虚拟语气。例,Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything,2.“wish +宾语从句”表不能实现的愿望，译为“但愿” wish +
3、宾语从句,1.动词过去式 （表“现在的假设”） 2.had done (表“过去的假设”) 3.would+动词原形（表“将来的假设 ”,I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had attended your part yesterday. I wish you would go with us tomorrow,二、用在条件句中If,表与现在事实相反： If I were you, I should study English. If he had time,he would attend the meeting. 表与过去事
4、实相反： If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. 表与将来事实相反： If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting,注:1.If 从句中，有were ( had,should )时可省略If,用倒装。 上面的句子可省If,可变为： Were I you, I should study English. Had he time,he would attend the meeting. Had you come yesterday, you would have met him,2.bu
5、t for ,without ,otherwise等形式的含蓄的虚拟语气。 Without air ,there _（有）no living things. But for the rain we _(有)a pleasan journey today. He is not a careful driver; otherwise he (不会撞) _the tree yesterday,Would be,Should have,Wouldnt have hit,三、用在主语从句 ( should)+动词原形 结构： It is +important(necessary,natural,stra
6、nge,) +that从句 It is a pity (a shame,no wonder) + that从句 It is suggested (decided,ordered,demanded, required) + that从句,例: It is necessary that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity that you be so careless. It will be suggested that she should finish her homework this afternoon,四：用在表语从句、同位
7、语从句中 作advice , idea , order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, requet等名词的表语从句和同位语从句， 其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“（should ）+动词原形”。 例,We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should ) go to Beijing for sightseeing. My idea is that he (should ) do exercises first,五、用在定语从句中 It is (high) time (that)句型中，定语从句的谓词 用过去式
8、（be用were）,或“should+动原（should） 不能省略”来表示，意为“（现在）该,例： It is (high) time we left . It is high time we were going,六、用在 (要是就好了)引导的句中 if only +,1.过去式（表现在的假设） 2.had done （表过去的假设） 3.would+动词原形（表将来的假设,If only I were a bird! 我如果是一只鸟就好了！ If only I had taken his advice 我要是听他的话就好了,七、用在would rather 引导的宾语从句中 谓语动词用,
9、1.过去式（表现在的假设） 2.had done （表过去的假设） 3.would+动词原形（表将来的假设,I would rather we stopped now . I would rather she had not done that yesterday,八、用在may+动词原形表“祝愿”。may放在句首。例： May you be happy ! May you succeed,谓语动词用,九、用在as if(as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句中,1.过去式（表现在的假设） 2.had done （表过去的假设） 3.would+动词原形（表将来的假设,He looks
10、as if he were an artist. He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England before,1.The two strangers talked as if they_ friends for years. A .should be B.would be C.have been D.had been 2._it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A .Were B.Should
11、 C.Would D.Will,D,B,上海高考题,4.Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _ ,too cold for us to live. A .would be freezing cold B.will be freezing coldly C.would be frozen cold D.can freeze coldly,3.Janes pale face suggested that she _ill, and her parents suggested that she_ a me
12、dical examination.( ) A .be ; should have B.was ; have C.should be; had D.was ; has,A,B,1.Without electricity human life _quite different today. A .is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 2.If he _ , he _ that food.( ) Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A .was warned; would not take
13、B.had been warned; would not have taken C.would be warned; had not taken D.would have been warned ; had not taken,D,B,全国高考题,3.I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her . A .had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out,C,4.I didnt
14、see your sister at the meeting. If she _ , she would have met my brother. A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come 5.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 6.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn ,you _ so tired.( ) A.
15、drove ; didnt get B.drove; wouldnt C.were driving ; wouldnt get D.had driven; wouldnt have got,D,C,D,1.If only I _ my watch! A.hadnt lost B.havent lost C.didnt lost D. dont lost 2.You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice. A.may not make B.might not have made C.shouldnt have made C
16、.might not have made 3.He _the test, but he wasnt careful enough. A.could have passed B. were able to pass C. must have passed D.might be able to pass,A,D,A,相关练习,4.We _ the work on time without your help. A .hadnt had finished B.didnt have finished C.couldnt have finished D.cant have finished 5.If you _ at school ,you _ a college student now.( ) A .had studied hard ; would have been B.should have studied hard ; sho
