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1、non-finite,过去分词,不定式,动词的-ing 形式,非谓语动词,Smoking may cause cancer. He tried to avoid answering their questions. One of her duties is typing letters. The man sitting next to you is our headmaster. Being angry,he cant say a word. I saw him running down the street,v-ing 形式,v-ing 形式的作用,v-ing 形式在句子中可作主语、宾语、表
2、语、定语、状语和宾补,V-ing 形式,动名词,现在分词,1.作主语（动名词,e.g.Finding work is difficult theses days,It was a waste of time reading that book. Its no use/good worrying about it,2.作宾语（动名词,e.g. Would you mind waiting a few minutes？ They are looking forward to Marys coming,英语中有些动词或动词短语的后面只能跟上动名词。如 admit,appreciate,avoid,
3、consider , give up, enjoy, regret, insist on, practise , finish, put off, avoid , mind , escape,excuse, stand(忍受) , imagine, miss,risk,suggest,cant help(禁不住), set about,后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词 特殊动词接“动名”，使用它们要记清， “放弃”“享受”可“后悔”， “坚持”“练习”必“完成”， “延期”“避免”非“介意” 动名介宾不能忘 掌握它们你必明,英语中有些动词可以接动名词也可以接不定式,但含义不同,rememb
4、er go on,to do doing,to do doing,to do(遗憾要做某事) doing(后悔做了某事,forget,try,to do(设法) doing(尝试着做,regret,mean,to do(继续做另外一件事) doing(继续做同一件事,stop,to do(停下手中的事去做另外一件) doing(停止做正在做的事情,to do doing,1.-What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losin
5、g,2.She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned,3.While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海14) A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,A,C,C,3.作表语（动
6、名词,现在分词,e.g.One of her hobbies is growing flowers. The speed of the horses was amazing,4. 作定语（动名词,现在分词,e.g. There are no swimming pools in our school. Do you know the three children walking towards us,1.v-ing 作定语时，单个的v-ing 形式放在所修饰的名词前；若是v-ing短语则要放在所修饰的名词之后 2.动名词作定语，仅表被修饰的名词的用途，解释为“供给.之用”;现在分词说明的是被修饰
7、的名词执行现在分词所表示的这个动作,可用相应的定语从句换,who are walking towards us,5. 作宾语补足语,V-ing形式可以放在某些动词如see,hear,notice,keep,find,get, have,feel等词后作宾语补足语,e.g. Suddenly I heard someone knocking gently on the door. Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long,6. 作状语(现在分词,V-ing 形式作状语,可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随或陪衬等含义,相当于一个对应的状语从句所表
8、达的意思,Walking in the street, I came across an old friend. = When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend,Being ill, he didnt go to school. =As he was ill, he didnt go to school,Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. （方式,If you use your head, you will find a way,Though we
9、ighing almost one hundred jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand,We were sitting by the window,talking about what happened yesterday.(伴随,1.当v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用having done 2. v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致；否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语,Using your head, you will find a way,Though it weighes,e.g._a repl
10、y, he decided to write a sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received,e.g. Having finished my homework,I went to watchTV,C,没收信的动作发生在决定写信这一动作之前所以应该用having done ;此题又是表否定含义，分词的否定式为not doing/not having done; 故选 c,ing 形式,ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法,A,He rush
11、ed to the train station, only _ the train had gone,A. finding B. found C. finds D. to find,D,非谓语动词之间的对比,1动词不定式和动名词作主语比较,动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作，不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。例如： _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old（MET 1992） AThe walk BWalking CTo walk DWalk,B,2.动词不定式、动名词、分词作表语比较,1）不定式和动名词作
12、表语的区别同作主语一样。动名词表示一般或抽象的多次性动作，不定式表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作 His job is building houses Our task now is to increase food production,2）动词不定式和动名词作表语说明主语的内容，现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。 The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers The most important thing is to put theory into practic
13、e He is interested in English. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，_ it more difficult（NMET 1999） Anot make Bnot to make Cnot making Ddo not make,B,3动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较 （1）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：want，wish，hope，manage，demand，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect等。 We agreed _
14、here，but so far she hasnt turned up yet（NMET 1995） Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met,C,2）有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语， The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed_ （MET 1987） Acatching Bto be caught Cbeing caught Dto catch I would appreciate_ back this afternoon（MET 1992） Ayou to call Byou call Cyou cal
15、ling Dyoure calling,C,C,4）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动 名词，但意义上有区别,The light in the office is still on Oh，I forgot _ （MET 1991） Aturning it off Bturn it off Cto turn it off Dhaving turned it off You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting Well，now I regret _ that（NMET 1995） Ato do Bto be doing Cto
16、 have done Dhaving done,C,D,4、动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语和 主语补足语比较,1）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语，如：ask，tell，order，want，wish，warn， allow，advise，permit，forbid等。 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation（NMET 1996） Ato eat not Beating not Cnot to eat Dnot eating,C,2）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语，但意义不同，如：see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，have， make等，且不定式不带to，但在被动结构中必须带to。不定式指动作的全过程；现在分词指正在进行的动作的一部分，且表主动意义；过去分词指已经完成的动作，且表被动意义。 We heard h
