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1、Grammar,Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气,一. 语气的分类,1.陈述语气(The indicative Mood)用来陈述一个事实,或提出一种看法,有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。 I am not interested in what you said. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace! 2.祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等. Lets have a talk. Dont jump in the queue,英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述
2、语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示,3.虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设,愿望，怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等.例如： 1）If I were you,I would not leave her alone.2）If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 3）If Jack had scored that goal, we would have won the match. 4）Our teacher suggested that we go t
3、o lab this afternoon,二.虚拟语气的用法,一）. 用于条件状语从句中,主从 句,构 成,时态,虚拟条件 从句,主 句,例 句,与现在事实相反的 假设,与过去事实相反的 假设,If + 主语 + 动词过去时 (be用 were,主语 + would/ should/could/ might + 动词 原形,If I had time, I would attend the meeting,If + 主语 + had +过去分词,主语 + would/ should/could/ might + have + 过去分词,If you had taken my advice, y
4、oud have passed the exam,1. If条件句中的虚拟语气,主从 句,构 成,虚拟条件 从句,主 句,例 句,与将来情况相反的 假设,If + 主语 + 动词的过去时 If + 主语 + were to + 动词原形 If + 主语 + should + 动词原形,主语 + would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形,If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting. If
5、 he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next week,时态,虚拟语气中的倒装： 如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思,1) If you had taken my advice, youd have passed the exam,Had you taken my advice, youd have passed the exam,2) If it were to rain tomorrow
6、, we would put off the sports meeting,Were it to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting,3) If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next week,Shoule he not come tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting till next week,2.含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 即用without(but for) “要不是”,or
7、(else) “否则”if it were not for/ if it had not been for(=without/ but for),but代替if从句。 1）Without/But for his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress. If there hadnt been/we hadnt got his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress. 2）She would have come here, but she was too busy with her hom
8、ework. She would have come here, if she had not been too busy with her homework,虚拟语气高考链接,1.Alice,why didnt you come yesterday? I _,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)A.had B.would C.was going to D.did,析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为would have则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadnt had an unexpected v
9、isitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思,3) If it had not been for the captains efforts, the ship would have sunk,3. 混合虚拟语气/错综虚拟语气,即条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，多见从句用过去完成时（表示与过去相反），主句用would/ could / should/ might+ do(表示与现在相反)，如,1）If he had followed the doctors advice, he wou
10、ld be quite all right now,2）He would pass the test if he had taken my advice,3 ） If we had driven in turns yesterday, you would feel better now,二）. 虚拟语气用于名词性从句中,1. 用于主语从句中,1) It is suggested / requested / demanded ordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted + that 从句中, 从句用 (should) + 动词原形: eg: Its sug
11、gested that the meeting (should)be put off till next week. It was ordered that the wounded soldiers be sent to the field hospital at once. 注意：“坚决要命”类动词所接的四种名词性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同位语从句）中用法都如此。“坚决要命”:insist, advise,suggest,propose;deside;require, request,desire,demand; order, command,2)用在 It is necessary / i
12、mportant / strange / natural / surprising / essential / vital/ a pity+从句中, 从句用(should) + 动 词原形 : eg: It is necessary that the customs of all national minorities be respected. It is strange that he should have said so. It is not surprising that Alfred should have married Amy,2. 用于宾语从句中,在wish后的宾从表与现在相
13、反用一般过去时（系词用were）;与过去相反用过去完成时；与将来相反用would/ could/ might+动词原形,How I wish _ a bird and could fly freely in the sky!（be,I wish I _ so many mistakes in the last exam.( make,How I wish it _ raining now!(be,were,Had not made,Werent,2)在would rather后接从句,用过去时表示与现在或将来相反;用过去完成时表示与过去相反: eg. Id rather you came to
14、morrow. Id rather you hadnt told him the news,3)在advise, demand, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest后用should + 动词原形, should可以省略,eg. He suggested we (should) start off early the next day. We insisted they not be present at such gathering. He ordered that all (should) take part in the wo
15、rk. They requested that we (should) have lunch with them,但是: 当suggest表示“暗示,表明” insist表示“坚 持认为”时,不用虚拟语气: eg. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money,3. 用于表语从句中,在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的表语
16、从句中,eg. My advice is that he wait till next week. Her suggestion is that we should learn all the texts by heart. The generals order was that all the soldiers reach the border in ten hours,4. 用于同位语从句中: 在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的同位语从句中, 如,E.g. We all agree to his suggestion that we go to the Happy Valley for an outing. Order came that the soldiers be sent to the border. Here is the doctors advice that you should take the medicine 4 times a da
