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1、This is a polluted river,The river is polluted,过去分词作表语,过去分词作定语,The village is flooded,It is a flooded village,Grammar,一、过去分词作 定语 1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。 eg： a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票 an injured finger 一个受伤的手指 a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛 注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 e.g.：spoken English 英语口语 written exerci
2、ses 书面练习,少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义 fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳 the developed countries 发达国家 a retired teacher 一名退休教师,2、过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义。 e.g.：I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。 e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎,a broken heart an o
3、rganized trip,a heart which is broken,a trip which is organized,3.过去分词作前置定语还是后置定语，都可转换 为一个对应的定语从句,the girl dressed in white,the girl who is dressed in white,the book written by Luxun,the book which is written by Luxun,4、过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词或指示代词those
4、时，要放在这些词的后面,He is one of those invited. Nothing reported in the newspaper will interest him. Is there anything unsolved,He visited the bridge built last year. The bridge to be built next year will be very large. Have you noticed the bridge being built now,5. 动词的过去分词，不定式和动词-ing的被动形式 在句中都可做定语，表达被动的含义，
5、但时间意义 上不同,二、过去分词作表语 1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。 e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。 Some problems still remained unsolved,Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative,1. 丢了钱他自责不已。 He _
6、about losing the money. 2、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？ Why do you always _ ? Do you sleep well these days? 3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。 I _ the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better,got blamed,look so tired,was disappointed with,4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。 Everybody _to hear the death of the famous film
7、star 5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。 The children _ going to the zoo 6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒. His wound _ a new virus,was shocked,are really excited about,became infected with,作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词,被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟by短语,2、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别,The glass is broken. Our classroom is crowded,The gl
8、ass was broken by Jack. The windows were closed by Tom last night,现在分词与过去分词他们的区别,1.语态上,现在分词: 表示主动的动作,过去分词: 表示已经被动的动作,2.时间上,现在分词: 表示正在进行的动作,过去分词: 表示完成的意思,I heard someone opening the door . I heard the door opened,the falling leaves the fallen leaves,boiling water boiled water,the rising sun the risen
9、 sun,3. 现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的特征、特性。 过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的心理感受或状态,The news is exciting. We were excited to hear it,总结过去分词和V-ing形式的区别: 表主动的，进行的， 表特征-含有“令人”之意 表被动的，完成的， 表状态-含有“感到”之意,V-ing形式,过去分词,amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied;
10、 tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; astonishing, astonished等,英语中这样的分词还有很多，如,A. Nobody was in the story he told. B. The story he told was very . ( interested, interesting ) 2. A. Everybody was to hear the news. B. The news is very indeed. ( excited, exciting ) 3. A. The result of the test was rather .
11、 B. He was very at the result of the test. ( disappointed, disappointing ) 4. A. What he said was very . B. I was very at the sight. ( amused, amusing,Fill in the blank with proper words,interested,interesting,excited,exciting,disappointing,disappointed,amusing,amused,过去分词作定语和表语的区别: 定语 放在名词和代词的前面或后面
12、 表示动作已经完成或被动的 表语 放在be 动词或系动词的后面 说明主语的状态或构成被动语态,Sum up,Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known,高考链接,B,解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动,2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the par
13、ty that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded,高考链接,A,解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示,3. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known,高考链接,D,解析：答案D。know与wor
14、ds，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动,4. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt,高考链接,B,解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet,2. The girl who is dressed in red is Kel
15、lys long-lost friend.= The girl _ is Kellys long-lost friend,练习一 句型转换,A thief stole the goat that was tired to the tree.=A thief stole the goat _ to the tree,tired,dressed in red,3. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.= The castle, _ _, was never rebuilt,burnt down in the sixteenth century,4. Father beat the son who was lost in the online games. =Father beat the son _ in the online games,lost,5. The project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only 2 year. = The project, _ _, was constructed in only 2 year,designed
