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1、Unit 6A篇The Ugly Truth About Beauty -Like It or Not, Looks Do Matter By John Stossel We like to think of America as a meritocracy. A lot of us think we value people because of what they accomplish, or their character, or generosity, or intelligence-thats what we thought mattered, but are we just put
2、ting blinders on? 相貌歧视 - 不管喜欢不喜欢，相貌确实很重要 丁夏林 译 郭昌晖 校注 我们爱把美国看成一个精英荟萃的国家。我们许多人认为，自己之 所以看重别人是因为他们有成就，或人品好，或宽厚仁慈，或天资聪明 过去我们都认为这些是至关重要的， 但现在我们是不是都戴上障眼 物了呢？ More often than not it seems qualities other than skill, intelligence or character pay off. Heres an example. Anna Kournikova is ranked 37th in wome
3、ns tennis, and has never won a major singles championship. So, why is it that Kournikova makes millions more dollars from endorsements than players ranked higher? 2 Looks dont only make a difference for women. Does New York Giants cornerback Jason Sehorn get so much attention just because hes a top
4、athlete? Is that why he was featured in Sports Illustrated for Women? 3 You probably know about the famous Kennedy-Nixon debates-people listening on the radio thought Richard Nixon had won. Those watching TV thought the handsome John F.Kennedy won. 4 When Texas Sen. Phil Gramm sought the Republican
5、nomination for president in 1996, he said ：“ The real question is whether someone as ugly as I am can be elected. ” Within months, Gramm dropped out of the race. 5 Did the press cover JFK Jr. so relentlessly solely because he was the son of a president? Would we have cared so much about Princess Di
6、if she had looked like, say, Princess Margaret? 看来，给人们带来好处的往往不是技术、智力或人品，而是其他一 些特质。安娜库尔尼科娃就是一个例子。她在女子网球的世界排名中 位列第 37 ，而且还从未获得过重要的单打冠军。那么，为什么库尔尼 科娃从广告中获得的收入要比排名靠前的球员多几百万美元呢？ 2 美貌不仅对妇女管用。 纽约巨人橄榄球队的角后卫贾森泽霍 恩如此受人关注，难道仅仅因为他是一名顶级运动员吗？妇女体育画 报对他进行报道也只是因为上述那个原因吗？ 3 你也许了解肯尼迪和尼克松之间那场著名的电视辩论的情况 听收音机的人认为理查德尼克松获得了
7、胜利， 而看电视的人则认 为赢家是英俊潇洒的肯尼迪。 4 得克萨斯州参议员菲尔格拉姆在 1996 年竞选共和党的总 统提名时曾说过：“真正的问题是像我这样相貌不佳的人能否被选 上。 ”几个月后，格拉姆就退出了竞选。 5 媒体连篇累牍地报道小肯尼迪的情况， 仅仅因为他是总统的儿 子吗？比如说，假如戴安娜王妃与玛格丽特公主一样相貌平平，我们还 会这么关注她吗？ Beauty and the Brain 6 It may seem obvious to most of us that people would prefer to look at beautiful faces. While beau
8、ty itself may be only skindeep, studies show our perception of beauty may be hardwired in our brains. In studies conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital ,Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers Itzhak Aharon, Nancy Etcoff, Dan Ariely, Christopher F. Chabris,
9、Ethan OConnor, and Hans C. Breiter have used magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) technology to look at the activity in mens brains when they were shown pictures of beautiful womens faces. Breiter and his colleagues found that the same part of the bain lights up as when a hungry person sees food, or a ga
10、mbler eyes cash, or a drug addict sees a fix. Essentially, beauty and addiction trigger the same areas in the brain. 7 Some researchers link this addictive pursuit of good looks to evolution. Anthropologist Helen Fisher, suggests that primitive man might have unconsciously thought that a pretty woma
11、n had a better chance of bearing healthy children. 美貌与大脑 6 显然，在我们大部分人的心目中，漂亮的脸蛋看似更诱人。虽 然美貌本身也许只是表面一层皮，但种种研究表明，我们的审美观可能 和我们的大脑密切相关。在马萨诸塞州总医学院进行的各项研究中，研 究人员伊扎克阿哈龙、南希埃特科夫、丹阿列力、克里斯托 弗 F 夏布里斯、伊桑奥康纳和汉斯 C 布赖特运用了磁共振 成像技术来观察男士在面对美貌女士照片时大脑的活动情况。 布赖特和 他的同事们发现，此时男士大脑的某区域开始兴奋起来，此区域与饥饿 的人看到食物、赌徒看到现金或瘾君子看到毒品时大脑兴奋的
12、区域相 同。美貌与毒瘾激活的基本上是男士大脑中相同的区域。 7 一些研究人员把这种对美貌的上瘾似的追求与进化联系在一 起。人类学家海伦费希尔提出，原始人可能无意识地认为，漂亮女人 更有可能生出健康的孩子。 The Long and the Short of It 8 Likewise, evolution may have led women to prefer taller men. 9 Women will take just about any shortcoming in a man, except in the height department, according to Andr
13、ea McGinty, who founded the San Diego-based dating service Its Just Lunch. 10 McGinty helped ABCNEWS put together an experiment to test just how willing women are to date shorter men. We brought together several short men and asked them to stand next to taller men. We invited groups of women to look
14、 at the men and choose a date. 11 To see if the women would go for short guys who were successful, ABCNEWS Lynn Sherr created extraordinary r sum s for the shorter men. She told the women that the shorter men included a doctor, a best-selling author, a champion skier, a venture capitalist whod made
15、millions by the age of 25. 12 Nothing worked. The women always chose the tall men. Sherr asked whether thered be anything she could say that would make the shortest of the men, who was 5 feet, irresistible. One of the women replied, “Maybe the only thing you could say is that the other four are murd
16、erers.” Another backed her up, saying that had the taller men had a criminal record she might have been swayed to choose a shorter man. Another said shed have considered the shorter men, if the taller men had been described as “child molesters”. 13 The desire for tall men begins very young, apparently. ABCNEWS gave elementary school students a test, asking them to match a small, medium or large figure o
