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1、上海五校2011 届合作自主选拔通用基础测试英 语 试 题注意事项： 1答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 Section I ReadingPart A Read the following textChoose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank(30 points) Learning theorists emphasize the role of environmental influences in shaping the
2、way a person develops_1_ their view, child development is guided by both deliberate and _2_ learning experiences in the home, peer group, school, and communityTherefore, childhood growth is significantly _3_ by the efforts of parents, teachers, and others to _4_ children in desirable ways According
3、to learning theories, the same _5_ that explain how people can use a bicycle or computer also explain how children acquire social skills, emotional self-control, reasoning strategies, and the _6_ skills of walking and runningOne kind of learning occurs when a childs actions are _7_ by a reward or pu
4、nishmentA reward increases the probability that behavior will be repeatedFor example, a young child may _8_ draw pictures because she receives praise from her parents after _9_ each oneA punishment decreases the probability that behavior will be repeatedFor example, a child who touches a hot stove a
5、nd burns his fingertips is not _10_ to touch the stove again_11_ kind of learning, classical conditioning, occurs when a person makes a _12_ association between two eventsFor example, babies begin sucking when they are put in a familiar nursing _13_, children fear dogs whose barking has startled the
6、m in the pastA third kind of learning _14_ of imitating the behavior of othersA boy may acquire his fathers _15_ of talking, his mothers tendency to roll her eyes, and his favorite basketball players moves _16_ the courtIn doing so, he also acquires _17_ about the consequences of these behaviorsLear
7、ning theories provide extremely useful ways of understanding how developmental changes in behavior and thinking _18_ and, for some children, why behavior problems ariseThese theories can be studied scientifically and practically appliedCritics point out, _19_, that learning theorists sometimes negle
8、ct childrens _20_ role in their own understanding and development1 AFor BFrom CIn DWith 2 Aunintended Buninvolved Cundiscovered Dunlimited 3 Aachieved Bcreated Cdeveloped Dshaped 4 Amoralize Brecognize Csocialize Dstandardize 5 Aconsiderations Binstructions Cprinciples Dtendencies 6 Aphysical Bperso
9、nal Coriginal Dtechnical 7 Adirected Bfollowed Cpursued Dtracked 8 Acontinuously Bimmediately Coccasionally Dregularly 9 Acompleting Bfulfilling Chandling Dobtaining 10 Aliable Blikely Cpossible Dready 11 AAnother BNext COne DOther 12 Aemotional Bintellectual Cmental Dspiritual 13 Acondition Blocati
10、on Cposition Dsituation 14 Acontains Bconsists Ccomprises Dcomposes 15 Acustom Bmeans Ctype Dstyle 16 Aover Bon Cin Dat 17 Aestimations Bevaluations Cexplorations Dexpectations 18 Aappear Bemerge Cexist Doccur 19 Aaccordingly Bhowever Cmoreover Dtherefore 20 Aactive Bdominant Cpositive Dsocial Part
11、B In the following article, some sentences or paragraphs have been removedFor questions 21 to 25, choose the most suitable one from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered gapsThere is ONE which does not fit in any of the gaps(15 points) Horror stories about the food industry have long been wi
12、th us ever since 1906, when Upton Sinclairs landmark novel The Jungle told some ugly truths about how America produces its meatIn the century that followed, things got much better, and in some ways much worseThe U.Sagricultural industry can now produce unlimited quantities of meat and grains at rema
13、rkably cheap pricesBut it does so at a high cost to the environment, animals and humans21 Add to the price tag the acceleration of global warming our energy-intensive food system uses 19% of U.Sfossil fuels, more than any other sector of the economyAnd perhaps worst of all, our food is increasingly
14、bad for us, even dangerous22 A food system that generates cheap, filling food at the expense of healthier produce is also a major cause of Americas widespread obesityAt a time when the nation is close to a civil war over health-care reform, obesity adds $147 billion a year to our doctor bills “The w
15、ay we farm now is destructive of the soil, the environment and us,” says Doug Gurian-Sherman, a senior scientist with the food and environment program at the Union of Concerned Scientists23 Film documentaries like the highly critical Food Incand the work of investigative journalists like Eric Schlosser and Michael Pollan are repeating Sinclairs work, awakening a sleeping public to the uncomfortable realities of how we eatChange is also coming from the very topFirst Lady Michelle Obamas White House garden has so far yielded more than 225 lbof o
