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1、在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词（5个）：that （宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略）whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词（9个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
2、whomever, whose, which, whichever连接副词（7个）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词。2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.3. 在从句中做成分的连词.whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用whether：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首。eg:whether he
3、can come to the party on time depends on the traffic. 2. 引导表语从句。 eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.3. whether从句作介词宾语。eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.4.if与whether都可以与or not 连用，但后面紧跟or not 时只能用whether。we didnt know whether or not she was ready.（此时只能用wh
4、ether）I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.（此时则二者都可以用）5. 引导主语从句。Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.6.引导同位语从句编辑本段分类主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由下列词引导： 1）从属连词that，whether,if等； 2）连接代词what
5、，who，which，whatever，whoever，whom 等； 3) 连接副词how，when，where，why 等。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。注：whom、who指人，what指物，whatever，whoever表示泛指意义。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。It is known to us how
6、he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It be+ 名词 + that从句Its a great pity（that）they didnt get married.他们没能结婚，真是令人惋惜。It s a good thing（that）you
7、were insured.你保了险，这可是件好事。（2）It be + 形容词 + that从句Its splendid that you passed your exam.你通过考试了，真棒。Its strange that there are no lights on.真奇怪，没有一盏灯是开着的。（3）It be + 动词的过去分词+ 主语从句I am delighted that you passed your exam.你通过考试了，我很高兴。Im afraid that I cant come till next week.恐怕我下星期才能来。（4）It + 不及物动词 + that
8、 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that众所周知的几种表达方式（1）It is known to us that. （2）As is known to us.（3）what is known to us is that.it引导的强调据结构：It is/was+被强调部分+th
9、at/who+句子其它部分。eg:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday everning.强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday everning.强调宾语：It was the experiment my father did in the lab yesterday everning.强调时间：It was yesterday everning that my father did the experiment in the lab.(注
10、意不用when)强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday everning.宾语从句名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句。由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorro
11、w. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。Th
12、e commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She
13、 will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3.可运用it做形式宾语。.动词make, find ,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置，结构：S.+vt+it+adj./n.+oc(宾语补足语)。I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I feel it a pity that I havent be
14、en to the get-together.我没去聚餐，感觉非常遗憾。.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it，这类动词主要是：hate,take,owe,have,see toI hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的。He will have it that our plan is really pratical.他认为我们的计划确实可行。4.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序
15、也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：whether引导主语从句在句首时；Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.他能否准时参加派对得看交通情况。宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether；Whether this is true or not, I really dont know.这是会否真实，我也不知道。引导表语从句，只能用whether；The questin is whether we can get in touch with her.问题是我们是否能联系上她。引导介词宾语时,只能用whether；His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父亲担心他是否会失去工作。Im thinking about whether I should quit my present job.我正在考虑我是否应该辞去现在的工作
