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1、Section Learning about Language,一,二,三,一、按要求写出下列单词的相应形式 1.careful(反义词) 2.happy(名词) 3.angry(副词) 4.friend(形容词) 5.teach(名词) 6.dislike(反义词) 7.possible(副词) 8.kind(名词) 9.sleep(形容词) 10.sing(名词,careless,happiness,angrily,friendly,teaching/teacher,like,possibly,kindness,asleep/sleepy,singing/singer,一,二,三,二、请将
2、A组和B组中的单词连线,组成一个新的单词 AB 1.childa.roads 2.crossb.while 3.whichc.hood 4.worthd.ever 5.everye.mate 6.classf.one 7.newsg.be 8.overh.back e 10.mayj.paper 答案:1.c2.a3.d4.b5.f6.e7.j8.i9.h10.g,一,二,三,三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The coastal areas have mild winters,but by contrast(相比较) the (centre) plains become extremely
3、 cold. 2.Although our looks are different,we are both (attract). 3.Cambridge is always full of (tourism)in summer. 4.In front of the village runs a river 300 miles in (long). 5.To his (satisfy),he finished the work on time,central,attractive,tourists,length,satisfaction,Grammar:构词法 本单元的语法项目是构词法。构词法是
4、按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法。英语构词法主要有合成法、转化法、派生法、截短法、混合法和首字母缩略法六种,其中前三种最为重要,考点一 合成法:即两个单词连在一起合成一个新词,前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。 1)合成名词,2)合成形容词,3)合成动词,4)合成副词,5)合成代词 6)合成介词,考点二 转化法:英语中,有的名词可做动词,有的形容词可做副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 1)动词转化为名词 很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数意思没有多大的变化(如下);有时意思有一定变化(如下);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下)。如: Lets go
5、 out for a walk. 我们到外面去散散步吧。 He is a man of strong build. 他是一个体格健壮的汉子。 Lets have a swim.咱们游泳吧,2)名词转化为动词 很多表示物件(如下)、身体部位(如下)、某类人(如下)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下)也可做动词。如: Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗? Please hand me the book. 请把那本书递给我。 She nursed her husband back to health. 她看护她丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
6、We lunched together. 我们在一起吃了午餐,3)形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如: We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 4)副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。如: Murder will out.恶事终将败露。(谚语,5)形容词转化为名词 表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下);某些形容词如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等与the连用,表示一类人,做主语时,谓语用复数(如下)。如: You should be
7、dressed in black at the funeral. 在葬礼中应该穿黑色衣服。 The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活,考点三 派生法:在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。 1)前缀,2)名词后缀,注意:-ese,-ian,-ist 既可以构成名词,又可以构成形容词。 -er 构成的名词,既有表示人的,又有表示物的,3)形容词后缀,4)动词后缀,5)副词后缀,6)数词后缀,考点四 截短法即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等
8、形式。 1)截头 telephonephoneaeroplaneplane omnibusbus 2)去尾 examinationexamkilogramkilo laboratorylabtaxicabtaxi 3)截头去尾 influenzaflurefrigeratorfridge,考点五 混合法即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体,前半部分表示属性。 news broadcastnewscast新闻广播 television broadcasttelecast电视播送 smoke and fogsmog烟雾 helicopter airportheliport直
9、升机场 考点六 首字母缩略法即用几个单词的首字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式:各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。 Very Important PersonVIP(读字母音)贵宾 Test of English as a Foreign LanguageTOEFL 托福考试,根据句意及所给汉语注释,写出下列单词的正确形式 1)Jack took a deep (呼吸)and then dived into the water. 2)What you have said is beyond my (想象). 3)The boss has hired many (雇员)who have rec
10、eived advanced education. 4)You should be (仔细的) when you do your homework. 5)He smiled at his wife (幸福地,breath,imagination,employees,careful,happily,用所给单词的正确形式填空 6)What we should do is make good use of (nature) resources. 7)Tom,do you have enough (strong)for the race? 8)I heard that Jane liked (coll
11、ection) foreign coins. 9)He should have (apology)to you for his fault. 10)They did what they could to help the people in the areas (flood)by the heavy rain. 11)(thank),I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end,natural,strength,collecting/to collect,apologized,flooded,Tha
12、nkfully,12)We walked into the forest and lost our way;we regretted it.(deep) 13)The old woman smiled (please) as he came in. 14)I did very (poor) the first time I took my entrance exam. 15)Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college (expensive,deep,deeply,pleasantly,poorly,expenses
