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1、2021年高考英语二轮专题复习阅读理解11ATo take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians(基督教徒)have ever cooked up. For them,the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil(邪恶的). So when Columbus brought the tomato back from South America,a land mistakenly considered to be Eden,everyone jumped to
2、 the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden,the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake,a plant that was thought to have come from Hell(地狱). What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which loo
3、ked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Though the tomato and the mandrake were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit,the general population considered them one and the same,too terrible to touch.Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato,and until the earl
4、y 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her fathers house had been the“introduction of this wonderful new fruitor is it a vegetable?”As late as the twentieth c
5、entury some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an“evil fruit”.But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson,and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820,people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead.“Wha
6、t are you afraid of?”he shouted.“Ill show you fools that these things are good to eat!”Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and,according to a local story,set up a tomato-canning factory.（1）The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because.A.it made C
7、hristians evilB.it was the apple of EdenC.it came from a forbidden landD.it was religiously unacceptable（2）What can we infer from the underlined part in Paragraph 3?A.The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down.B.There was little progress in the study of the tomato.C.The tomato was still refused
8、in most western countries.D.Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato.（3）What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly?A.To make himself a hero.B.To remove peoples fear of the tomato.C.To speed up the popularity of the tomato.D.To persuade people to buy products
9、from his factory.（4）What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To challenge peoples fixed concepts of the tomato.B.To give an explanation to peoples dislike of the tomato.C.To present the change of peoples attitudes to the tomato.D.To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence.B阅
10、读下面的短文，完成下列各题：Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Som
11、e language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In re
12、cent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and
13、 Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.
14、Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people t
15、han that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one
16、, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.（1）What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patternsD.They were closely connected.（2）Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A.ComplexB.AdvancedC.PowerfulD.Modern.（3）How many languages are s
