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1、高考英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解一、新课导入1.阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则： 文章一般为3篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在1100单词左右； 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容； 体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。2.高考阅读理解常见的设题形式有：词义猜测题、细节理解题、推断题、作者态度题和主旨大意题。3.阅读理解技巧：抓（问题关键），定（文段），比（较选项答案）二、新课讲解-做题技巧1、词义猜测技巧。此类考题目要求考生能根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。一般提问方式如下：1) The word “ABC” in the passage pro
2、bably means _.2) The underlined word “ABC” in the passage refers to/means _. 3) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？4) The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _5) The word it（them） in the first paragraph refers to _这种题型要求对文章中的划线生词进行
3、词义猜测。这类题型不仅要求具备一定构词法，而且也要求对上下文具有比较全面的理解。做词意猜测时，应注意划线生词后面的定语从句、同位语从句。定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的词意。另外，还要应注意生词后的标点符号，如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意。有时，词意隐藏在全文或某一段中，这就需要把握文段的意境来加以透知该词的含义。在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会顺藤摸瓜，通过构词，语法，定义
4、，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手：1）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号，可以根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如： The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出herdsman是“牧人”。2）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显对比关系，根据已
5、知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如： Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. 和clean意思相对的便是“肮脏的”了，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”。3）通过因果关系猜测词义because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词，so.that与such.that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如：She wanted
6、 the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意。4）根据生活常识猜测词义运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。例如：Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 根据句子意思及生活经验，wither表示“枯萎”。5）根据同等关系猜测词义同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一范
7、畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如： At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. 从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。6）根据列举的事例猜测词义You can take any of the periodicals: “The World of English”. “Foreign Language Teaching in Schools”, or “English Learning”. 从后面列举的
8、例子中，可以猜出periodical是“期刊，杂志”的意思。7）根据构词法知识猜测词义根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。2、细节题型的答题技巧。此类考题主要针对文章的细节，一般提问方式如下：1) Which of the following is right? 2) Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?3) Which of the following statements is correct according to the
9、 passage?4) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?5) Which of the following is not mentioned? 6) Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?7) The author mentions all of the following except . . .8) The writer mentions all of the items listed below except _.9) What is the example
10、 of . . . as described in the passage?10) Choose the right order of this passage.11) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) .12) The reason for . . .is . . .13) From this passage we know that _.14) In the passage, the author states that _.细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将
11、相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because, since, as等；表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。Some animals are in danger because they are hunted. Alarmingly, the population of tigers has alr
12、eady fallen by ninety-five percent. Other species are in danger because of a lack of food. For example, there are fewer than 1300 giant pandas left in the wild.28.According to the passage the worlds tiger population _.A.will rise by 5% next year B. is relatively stableC. is 95% smaller than in the p
13、ast D. has fallen to 95%3、推断题型答题技巧。此类考题一般针对短文内容和考生应有的常识，文章中虽然没有明确的答案，但考生在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。一般提问方式如下：1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a _.2) We can infer from the text that _. 3) It can be inferred from the text that _.4) From the letters weve learned that its very _ to know somethi
14、ng about American social customs.5) From the story we can guess _. 6) It may be concluded from the passage that7) Which of the following statements does the passage support？8) The story implies that _.9) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be _.10) The author implied（suggested）tha
15、t推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。To argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. Without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. Every single day，over one hundred animal species vanish. Scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the Earths species will become extinct.26.Whats the writers attitude towards zoos?A.He shows no
