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1、人教选修第三册Unit 5 A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS英语诗歌的几种简单形式There are various reasons why people compose poetry.人们写诗有各种各样的原因。Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the readers mind.有些诗歌讲述一个故事或描述读者脑海中的某个形象。Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow.另一些则试图传达某种情感，如喜悦和悲
2、伤。The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words，descriptive and vivid language，integrated imagery，literary devices such as similes and metaphors，and arrangement of words，lines，rhymes，and rhythm.诗歌的显著特点通常包括节约使用词语，描述性和生动的语言，完整的意象，文学手段如明喻和隐喻，以及词、行、韵和节奏的安排。Poets use man
3、y different forms of poetry to express themselves.诗人使用许多不同的诗歌形式来表达自己。Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.现在我们来看看一些简单的形式。Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.孩子们最早学习的英文诗歌中有一些是童谣。They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs.它们通常是传统诗歌或民歌。The lang
4、uage of these rhymes，like Poem A，is to the point but has a storyline.这些押韵的语言，就像诗A，是重点，但有一个故事线。Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme，have a strong rhythm，and often repeat the same words.许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为它们押韵，有很强的节奏，经常重复相同的词。The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory，but they a
5、re easy to learn and recite.这些诗可能没有意义，甚至看起来矛盾，但它们很容易学习和背诵。By playing with the words in nursery rhymes，children learn about language.通过玩童谣中的单词，孩子们学习语言。AHush，little baby，dont say a word，安静，小宝贝，不要说话，Papas gonna buy you a mockingbird.爸爸会去给你买一只知更鸟。If that mockingbird wont sing，如果模仿鸟不唱歌，Papas gonna buy yo
6、u a diamond ring.爸爸会给你买个钻石戒指。If that diamond ring turns to brass，如果钻石戒指变成黄铜，Papas gonna buy you a looking glass.爸爸会去给你买一面镜子。If that looking-glass gets broke，如果镜子打碎了Papas gonna buy you a billy goat.爸爸会去给你买一只雄山羊。If that billy goat wont pull，如果公山羊不拉，Papas gonna buy you a cart and bull.爸爸会去给你买一辆牛车。One o
7、f the simplest kinds of poem is the“list poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a particular theme.最简单的一种诗歌是“列表诗”，它包含一系列事物、人物、思想或描述，以发展特定的主题。List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.列表诗有灵活的
8、行长和重复的短语，给诗一个模式和节奏。Some rhyme （like B and C），while others do not.有些押韵(如B和C)，有些则不然。BMother妈妈。Hundreds of stars in the deep blue sky，深蓝色的天空中有数百颗星星，Hundreds of shells on the shore together，数以百计的贝壳一起在岸边，Hundreds of birds that go singing by，数以百计的鸟儿歌唱而过，Hundreds of bees in the sunny weather，几百只蜜蜂在阳光明媚的天气里
9、，Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn，数以百计的露珠迎接黎明，Hundreds of bees in the purple clover，几百只蜜蜂在紫色的三叶草上，Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn，草坪上有成百上千只蝴蝶，But only one mother the world over.但全世界只有一个母亲。George Cooper乔治库珀CLIFE生活Life can be good，生活可以很美好，Life can be bad，生活可能很糟糕，Life is mostly cheerful，生活大多是
10、愉快的，but sometimes sad但有时令人沮丧Life can be dreams，生活可以是梦想，Life can be great thoughts生活可以是伟大的思想Life can mean a person，生命可以是一个人，Sitting in court.坐在法庭上。Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines.另一种简单的诗歌形式，业余爱好者也可以很容易地写五行诗。With these，you can c
11、onvey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.有了这些，你就可以用几句话来表达一幅强烈的画面或某种情绪。Look at the example（D）.请看例(D)。DBrother哥哥Beautiful，athletic美丽,运动Teasing，shouting，laughing取笑,笑着喊着Friend and enemy too朋友和敌人Mine我的Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.俳句是日本的一种诗歌形式，由17个音节
12、组成。It has a format of three lines，containing 5，7，and 5 syllables respectively.它有三行格式，分别包含5、7、5个音节。It is not a traditional form of English poetry，but is very popular with English writers.它不是英国诗歌的传统形式，但很受英国作家的欢迎。It is easy to write and，like the cinquain，can give a clear picture and create a special fe
13、eling using very few words.它写起来很容易，而且就像金quain一样，用很少的文字就能画出清晰的画面，给人一种特殊的感觉。The haiku poem（E） on the right is a translation from Japanese，which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.右边的俳句诗(E)是从日语翻译过来的，它表现了一只纤弱的蝴蝶生命中的一个时刻。EA fallen blossom一个坠落的花Is coming back to the branch.回到了树枝上。Look，a bu
14、tterfly!看,一只蝴蝶!English speakers also enjoy poems from China，those from the Tang Dynasty in particular.说英语的人也喜欢中国的诗歌，尤其是唐朝的诗歌。A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English，such as this one（F）.许多唐诗被翻译成英语，例如这首(F)。FWhere she awaits her husband她在哪里等她的丈夫On and on the river flows.这条河流啊流。Never looki
15、ng back，不再回头,Transformed into stone.变成了石头。Day by day upon the mountain top，一天又一天，在山顶，wind and rain revolve.风吹雨打。Should the traveller return，如果旅行者回来了，this stone would utter speech.这块石头会说话。Wang Jian王建With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，you may eventually want to write poems of your own.有这么多不同的诗歌形式可供选择，你可能最终想写自己的诗。Give it a try!试试吧!There are various reasons why people compose poetry.人们写诗有各种各样的原因。One of the simplest kinds of poem is the“list poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a particular theme.最简单的一种诗歌是“列表诗”，它
