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1、UNITE2SOILENVIRONMENTALPROCESSES土坂环境过程7.SoilFormationandDevelopment土壤形成和发育8.SoilColloidalChemistryandSurfaceReaction土壤胶体化学和表面反应9.SoilAcidity/AlkalinityandRe-doxReaction土壕酸碱性和氧化还原反应10.SoilNutrientCycling土壤养分元素循环7.SoilFormationandDevelopment土壤形成和发育7.1Soil-formingfactorsanditsfunctions土壤形成因紧及其在土壤发生中的作用
2、_7.2Pedogenicprocesses土壤形成过程7.3Soildevelopment土壤发育7.1Soil-formingfactorsanditsfunctions土壤形成因素及其在土坂发生中的作用7.1.1Soil-formingfactors土壤形成因素又称成土因素,是影响土壤形成和发育的基本因豚,它是一种物质、力、条件或关系或它们的组合,其已经对土壤形成发生影响或将影响土壤的形成。成土因素学说Inlaternineteenth-centuryRussia,V.V.Dokuchaevoriginallyidentifiedtheprincipalsoil-formingfacto
3、rsasclimate,biota,parentmaterial,reliefandlandscapeage.3The“influenceofenvironmentfactorson“soilformationwasconsideredinamoresystematicmannerfollowingtheworkofJenny(1941).Soil=f(cl,o,5npt,Ch).)climate气候organisms生物relief地形Clorpt函数式1parentmaterial母质time“时间humanactive人为活动成土因素学说的基本原理=土壤是成土因素综合作用的结果Theop
4、erationofpedogenicprocessesiscontrolledbyanumberofenvironmentalfactorsoperatingthroughthemediumoftimeandthatthesedeterminethetypeofsoilproducedinanyparticularlocation.*成土因素具有同等重要性和不可替代性Thesoil-formingfactorsoperateincombination.Itisnotpossibletoranktheminorderofimportance一theyareallequallyimportant,
5、althoughwithinanyoneenvironmentcertainfactorsmayhaveamoredominantinfluenceonsoilformationthanothers.=成土因素的时空分异导致土壤演化持续进行地带性土壤(Zonalsoils)Attheregionalandglobalscale,climateandbiotawillhaveadominantinfluenceonsoilformation,andsoiltypescanberelatedingeneraltermstobioclimaticzones.Theremainingfactorswi
6、llthenaccountforvariationsinsoilformationwithinaparticularbioclimaticzone.Zonalsoils:soilyariedwithlatitudeaccordingtoclimaticandvegetationconditionsIntrazonalsoils:soilsweremorecloselyassociatedwithparentImaterialordrainageconditions.仪Zonalsoils:soilsWerepoorlydeveloped,duomainlytolackoftime.。AirTe
7、mperatureDecpseMCepmctReeeaAnombonDepotmentalcoo全球气温时空变化对土壤形成的影响PreciptationDecEnyoorrec全球降水量时空变化对土壤形成的影响7.1.2母质(Parentmaterial)对土壤发生的作用Surfacerock_Aeathering_WWeatheringcrust(风化壳)Soil嘿Parentmaterial(母质organicmatteraccummiulation(pedogenicprocessesParentmaterialismainmineralsourcesofsoilformation,anditsnatureisfundamentaltomanysoilcharacteristics。u
