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1、北师大版高中英语新教材(选择性必修第三册)课文Lesson 1 To Clone or not to Clone?第一课 克隆还是不克隆Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially. Natural cloning has been going on for generations. For example, gardeners have been using a form of cloning when
2、 they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable medium, such as soil. Another example of natural cloning is identical twins, who are produced from the same egg.克隆是通过自然或人为的方式，对植物或动物进行精确复制、培育的过程。自然克隆由来已久。例如，园丁们从植物上截取一段，放在合适的培养基中(例如土壤)，就是一种克隆。自然克隆的另一个例子是同卵双胞胎，它们是由同一个卵子受精产生的。For years, ther
3、e had been attempts to clone animals artificially. The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996. At first, Dolly grew normally, but later she developed an illness that is more normally found in much older animals. She lived for six and a half years, only half the life of the
4、sheep from which she was cloned. After Dolly, scientists have cloned more than 20 mammal species, including camels, cattle, deer, dogs, goats and mice. However, they have found a similar pattern of health problems with these other species as well. This has led to questions such as, “Will this be a m
5、ajor issue for all cloned animals?” “Will it continue to happen forever?”.多年来，人们一直在尝试人工克隆动物。第一只成功克隆的动物是1996年的克隆羊多莉。起初，多莉发育正常，但后来患上了一种疾病，这种疾病更常见于衰老的动物。多莉活了六年半，寿命只有母体绵羊的一半。继多莉之后，科学家已经克隆了20多种哺乳动物，包括骆驼、牛、鹿、狗、山羊和老鼠。然而，在这些物种的克隆动物身上科学家们也发现了与多莉羊相似的健康问题。由此引发了一些疑问，例如：“这会是所有克隆动物的主要问题吗?”“这个问题会永远持续下去吗?”In Januar
6、y 2018, the cloning of two long-tailed monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, was announced by Chinese scientists. They were the first-ever primates (the order of mammals which include apes, monkeys, and humans) to have been cloned! In comparison with other species, cloning primates has proved to be “muc
7、h harder”, and doing so with non-reproductive cells was even more complicated. Dr. Sun Qiang, director of the research team, said they had been wholly devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1,000 monkeys 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for more than 5 years. There had been a num
8、ber of failures before they eventually found a way to successfully clone a monkey. The reason they worked so hard to break this technical barrier was to get animals with edited genes and produce animal models that are helpful for medical research and human health.2018年1月，中国科学家宣布成功克隆两只长尾猴，中中和华华。它们是有史
9、以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)！与其他的物种相比，克隆灵长类动物要“困难得多”，而使用非生殖细胞克隆则更为复杂。研究小组的负责人孙强博士说，他们全身心地投入到研究中，5年多来每周7天，每天24小时照看1000多只猴子。历经多次失败，最终找到成功克隆猴子的方法。他们之所以如此努力地要突破这一技术壁垒，是为了获得经过基因编辑的动物，研制动物模型，为医学研究和人类健康发展做贡献。The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough that mi
10、ght lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer clues on how to prevent the aging process. With this technology, we have the potential to raise a large number of monkeys with identical genes in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit research needs. This could he
11、lp save research time, reduce the number of animals required for testing, produce more accurate results, and lead to more effective treatments.灵长类动物的成功克隆获得了全世界的赞誉，被认为是一项巨大的突破，从而为治愈多种疾病、延缓衰老提供线索。有了这项技术，我们就有可能在短时间内培育大量基因相同的猴子，甚至可以改变它们的基因，以适应研究需要。这有助于节省研究时间，减少实验所需动物的数量，使实验结果更准确、治疗方法更有效。Cloning, however
12、, continues to be an issue that causes a great deal of disagreement and provokes strong emotions. While some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns. They believe it is bound to lead to cloning of other species, and they worry about the ethical questions
13、this raises. For example, they wonder if clones should be treated as objects or as individuals with their own identity. Furthermore, clones may be viewed as mere copies of originals thus being seen as inferior. Finally, they worry that some organisations may abuse the technology for unethical purpos
14、es.但是，克隆仍是一个会引起很多争议、激起强烈反对情绪的问题。尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。他们认为这项技术必将导致其他物种的克隆，担心由此会引发伦理问题。比如，他们提出克隆体是被当作物体还是具有独特个性的个体。而且，克隆体可能会被看作母体的副本，因此被认为更低等。最后，他们担心某些组织可能会出于不道德的目的滥用该技术。So far, it is still unknown what will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they grow up. Researchers insist that the s
15、cience of cloning should be further explored and advanced. As Einstein said, “Science is a powerful instrument. How it is used, whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind, depends on mankind and not on the instrument. A knife is useful, but it can also kill.”到目前为止，我们仍不清楚中中和华华长大后会发生什么。研究人员认为，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。正如爱因斯坦所言：“科学是一种强有力的工具。怎样使用它，究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来灾难，完全取决于人类自己，而不取决于工具。刀子是有用的，但刀子也能杀人。”
