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1、高考英语语法专题讲解-定语从句 、同位语从句 、强调句1. 定语从句1.1 三步思考：（1）找出先行词；（2）看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；（3）选择合适的关联词。1.2何时用that ？何时用which？1.2.1只能用 that 的3种情况：（1）先行词被序数词最高级，以及the only 、the very the same、the last修饰过.（2）先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词.（3）先行词同时是人和物并列时. e.g. Later my father and Mr.Crosset talked of things and
2、 persons that they remembered in school. 1.2.2 只能用which的情况：（1）介宾短语（2）指代前面的一件事 e.g. He talked of it in a rude way which made me annoyed.1.3关系代词as（正如） 1.3.1 as在定语从句中作主语e.g. As appear from her paper ,she has read widely in Romantic literature.We have found such material as is used in their factory. (非同
3、一块材料)We have found such material that is used in their factory.(同一块材料)1.3.2 as在定语从句中作宾语e.g. She is remarkable, as I have told you . She wears the clothes as she did last Sunday. (穿的是同一件) She wears the clothes as her sister does. (穿的不是同一件)1.3.3 as在定语从句中作表语e.g. He was not the same person as he ( was).
4、(省略从句谓语时只能用as) = He was not the same person that he was.1.3.4 as的固定用法: As we know, = As is known to all that/ As is known to all, 1.4 all that 和what All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place. that引导定语从句 that引导表语从句 = What I know is that What引导主语从句1.5 关系副词: w
5、here, when, why 比较: This is the house where I lived 2 years ago. This is the house which I visited. I will never forget the day when I joined the army. I will never forget the day that we spent together. The reason why I am calling you is to invite you to my party. The reason you gave me yesterday c
6、annot be accepted. The reason is that I want you to come to my party.表语从句 只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就用关系副词。p.s. 在判断选用关系代词或关系副词时，尤其要注意：及物动词后直接加宾语，则选关系代词；不及物动词后不可直接加宾语，则选关系副词！2. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别2.1形式结构基本相同：都跟在名词或代词之后，且又常由that引导。2.2句法功能不相同: 同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置。2.3 区别方法： 2.3.1 that 是否在从句中担任成分
7、？ The news that the leader will come here is not true. 在从句中不担任成分 The news that you told me last week is not true.在从句中担任宾语2.3.2 在that 前面加is,如果句意成立就是同位语；否则就不是。 The news is that the leader will come here is not true.成立The news is that you told me last week is not true.不成立2.3.3 根据that 前的名字判断同位语that 前的名词
8、必须是一个表示事实的抽象名词: fact, news, information, order, belief, reply, answer, saying, doubt, hope, idea, thought,suggestion, wish, conclusion, decision, knowledge, opinion, problem, promise, question, plan, report, truth, view etc.定语从句前的先行词没有这个限制。 2.4 同位语的连接词包括: that, how, when, where, whether. ！同位语从句有时会被别
9、的词把它和名词隔开: e.g Word came that they had won the game.3. 定语从句与强调句型的区别 3.1 强调词it与先行词it的判别: 把It is / wasthat去掉，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则不是。It is on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the airport(强调句)It is the factory that Mr Wang works. (定语从句)It is clear that not all boys like football. (it 作为形式主语的主语从
10、句)= That not all boys like football is clear.3.2固定句型: It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ that.e.g It was not unitl she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize that she was a famous star. =Only when she took off her dark
11、 glasses did I realize that she was a famous star.强调句的倒装！强调人时，可用who 代替that, 但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式时，不能用when, where, why, how代替 that. ！强调句型不用于强调谓语、表语、since, as等引导的原因状语从句。 He is better today since he can walk around without my help. - It is better today that he is today since he can walk around without my he
12、lp. (X) It is since he can walk around without my help that he is better today. (X)3.3 其他强调方式：3.3.1 as, though引导的让步状语从句: (1) Try as he will, he cant succeed. (强调谓语) = Though he will try, he cant succeed. (2) English though he learnt, he didnt learn it well. (强调宾语) = Though he learnt English, he didn
13、t learn it well. (3) Ill as he is, he keeps on working. (强调表语) =Though he is ill, he keeps on working. 3.3.2用do, did 强调谓语e.g Do sit down.He did write to you last week.3.3.3用短语at all, on earth, in the world, under the sun等表示强调，意思是：到底，究竟，根本。【定语从句 同位语从句 强调句专项训练】1He talked happily about the men and book
14、s interested him greatly in the schoolAwhichBwho CitDthat2His uncle works in a factory bicycles are madeAthat Bwhich Cwhere Dthere3There is no dictionary you can find everythingAthatBwhich Cwhere Din that4Next month, youll spend in your hometown is comingAwhichBthat CwhenDwhere5.It was on 12 May,2008_the earthquake of Wenchuan county,Sichuan provimce happened.A.since B.which C.that D.when.6Next month, youll be in your hometown is comingAwhichBthat CwhenDwhere
