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1、1时态和语态一、时态 (注意部分时态常考的一些特有用法 )1. 一般现在时主句是将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。If you dont attend Janes wedding tomorrow, nor will I.2. 一般过去时易与完成时混淆Zhang Yong, who studied in America for 3 years, now is the CEO of a company in Shanghai.He has studied in Beijing University for 4 years and now is going abroad for further e
2、ducation.3. 一般将来时除了有 shall/ will do 的形式外，还有以下形式构成将来时：(1) be going to do 表示计划、意图。There is going to be an important meeting tomorrow.(2) be about to do 不与具体的时间连用。或构成句型 “be about to do. when.”Please get everything ready. The experiment is about to start.We were about to go to bed when there was a knock
3、 at the door.(3) be to do 表示按计划、官方决定、命令、注定要发生等,可与具体时间连用, The Prime Minister is to speak on television tonight.4. 现在进行时(1) go, come, leave, get, start, arrive, fly 等词常用进行时表示将来。He is leaving for Beijing next month.(2) 与 always, constantly, forever 等频率副词连用，表示赞赏、埋怨等情绪。She is always borrowing money and f
4、orgetting to pay me back.5. 过去进行时高考题考查过去进行时，经常不出现过去的某一时间作为提示，而是要求根据上下文情景，判断出是在过去的某一时刻发生的事情。What did you say just now? 刚才你说什么？Oh, you werent listening to me! 噢，你刚才（我说话时）没在听我说！Why didnt you answer my call last night? 昨晚你为什么不接我的电话？I was having a bath. （你打电话时）我正在洗澡。6. 现在完成时常见模式(1)Have done? 已经了吗（完成时）？Ye
5、s, did.(when/where/how). 是的，是在何时、何地、以何种方式做的（过去时） 。 例如：Have you seen the film? Yes, I saw it last week with my brother. （2）Have done? 已经了吗（完成时）？No, was doing / had done. 还没有，因为当时正在 /已经( 相应的过去时态) ”例如：Have you talked with Mr Smith? No, he was talking with the students when I arrived.Have you met your o
6、ld friend?No, he had left when I arrived at the airport.（3）Have done? 已经了吗（完成时）？No, be going to/ will do. 还没有， 打算/ 马上去做.例如：Have you watered the flowers? Oh, I forgot it! I will do it right now. (4) 含有 since 的句子：主句常用现在完成时，since 之后的从句常用过去时。I have never seen him since he left his hometown.2(5) 句型 It is
7、 the first time (that) sb have/has done.It was the first time (that ) sb had done.It is the second time that he has asked her to marry him.(6) 口语中 have got 常等于 have, 因此，have got to 等于 have to。Ive got a nice pen. Weve got to finish the work tonight.7. 过去完成时(1) 一定要有“过去的时间”作参照， “过去的过去”才能用过去完成时。I had le
8、arned 4000 words before I entered the university.No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain.(2) 表示意向的动词， 如 hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose, plan, think 等词，用过去完成时表示“原本打算（未能实现） ”I had meant to help her, but I was too busy.(3) by+过去时间，用过去完成时We had learned 2500 English words by the end of
9、 last term.8. 现在完成进行时表示“现在之前一直持续不断的状况，可能已经停止，也有可能继续持续下去。 ” Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.I have written a letter. ( 表示已经写完) I have been writing a letter. （表示还在写）9. 将来进行时表示将来的某个时刻会发生的事情。高考题中，或者出现将来的某一时间作为提示，或者要求根据上下文情景，判断出是在将来的某一时刻发生的事情。I will be
10、waiting for you at the restaurant this time tomorrow.二、 语态1. 英语动词有主动语态和被动语态. 不及物动词和词组无被动语态。被动语态的结构是 be done, 有人称、单复数和时态的变化，体现在 be 动词上2. 动词+介词或副词构成的词组，要作为一个整体，不可漏掉介词或副词, 尤其易出现在改错题型。The patient is being operated on.Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.3. 有些词即是及物动词又是不及物动词，如 sell, wash, read, op
11、en, hang, write 等，如果这些动词涉及到人的动作，就用作及物动词；如果表示主语内在品质和性能，与 well, badly, easily 等副词连用时，是不及物动词，用主动。The book sells well. The books were sold out quickly.The door wont open. Who can help me open the door?4. 不及物动词和词组没有被动语态。如 be to blame, take place, break out, belong to, consist of, , come into being, appea
12、r, disappear, remain 等。The fire broke out in the building.Great changes have taken place in the 21st century.5. get +done 也可用于表示被动，强调动作的结果. He got caught by the police driving at 80 kilometers per hour through Cambridge.动词时态的考察尤其注重联系上下文语境，题干中的提示信息由外显型（如时间状语、副词提示词等）转向隐藏型，因此，读懂上下文，分析语境，找出尽量多的隐藏信息，是做好时
13、态题的关键。做题思路：根据题干提供的信息，Step 1 识别动词是主动还是被动 Step 2 判别发生在现在、过去还是将来 Step 3 根据具体情景确定一般、进行、完成或是完成进行。31. -The food here is nice enough. - My friend _ to me a right place.A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing2. -Ann is in hospital. -Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her.A. didn
14、t; am going to B. dont; would C. dont; will D. didnt; will3. Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair _ all day. Could you speak to her now?A. phones B. had phoned C. has been phoning D. phoned4. According to the literary review, Shakespeare _ his characters live through their language in his
15、plays. A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes 5. - You speak very good French! -Thanks. I _ French in Sichuan University for four years.A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied6. “Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say. “because every step _.”A. shows B. is showing C. has shows D. showed7. John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather _ with them to school.A. took B. had taken C. were taking D. would take8. When I talked with my grand
