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1、外语下载中心http:/ 不同体裁文章的阅读方法 不同体裁的文章，作者的写作手法不同，表达的方式千差万别。体裁不同，要求使用的阅读方法也不一样。因此，掌握不同体裁的文章的阅读方法有助于我们提高阅读效率、加深对文章的理解、提高阅读速度。下面分别谈谈记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文的阅读方法和技巧。 第一节 记叙文的阅读方法 记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。简而言之，记叙文就是讲故事，包括人物或故事情节。常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：文学记叙文以虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、新闻报道、日
2、记等。无论哪一种记叙文作者都要交代何人何时何地为什么、怎么样、干了何事等等，这也就是我们常说的“5Ws and 1H”。这是我们在阅读记叙文时要首先了解的，接着按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，就能理解整个故事。特别值得注意的是：记叙文的叙事顺序有顺叙和倒叙两种，有时候作者为了吸引读者会采用倒叙的方法，即不按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追叙故事的开端和经过。阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。另外，讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等等。我们在阅读时要通过作者
3、的重要细节描写联系故事情节去领会作者的意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节描写要重点关注。概括起来一句话：读记叙文的关键是抓情节。 抓住了故事情节，就理解了文章的脉络，其他的就迎刃而解了。下面请阅读一篇记叙文，看看你能不能抓住故事的主要情节。（05浙江卷 A 篇）Compassion is a desire within us to help othersWith effort, we can translate compassion into actionAn experience last weekend showed me this is trueI work part-time in a sup
4、ermarket across from a building for the elderlyThese old people are our main customers, and its not hard to lose patience over their slownessBut last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lessonThis untidy man walked up to my register(收款机) with a box of biscuitsHe said he was ou
5、t of cash(现金), had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboardsHe asked if we could let him have the food on trustHe promised to repay me the next day I couldnt help staring at himI wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck h
6、ad gone his wayI had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the worldI told him that I was sorry, but store rules didnt allow me to do soI felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my job Just then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke upIf anything, he looked m
7、ore pitiable“Charge it to me,” was all he said What I had been feeling was pityPity is soft and safe and easyCompassion, on the other hand, is caring in actionI thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed eitherThen I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myselfI reached into
8、 my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion.解析：故事采用顺叙的叙事方法，主要情节发展如下：One aged gentleman begged me to have the food on trust and promised to repay the next day.- I told him the store rules didnt allow me to do so.- Another man wanted me to charge the food to him
9、.-I paid for the biscuits myself. 作者用第一人称讲述自己亲身经历的这段故事，让人觉得亲切可信，同时也增强了文章的感染力。作者说自己通过这段故事学会了compassion（同情），事实上也是在号召读者多伸出同情之手，共建和谐社会。 抓住了故事的情节，了解了作者的写作意图。再来做理解题，就容易多了。请看看下面几道理解题：41The aged gentleman who wanted to buy the biscuits _.Apromised to obey the store rulesBforgot to take any money with himCho
10、ped to have the food first and pay laterDcould not afford anything more expensive42Which of the following best describes the old gentleman?Akind and luckyBpoor and lonelyCfriendly and helpfulDhurt and disappointed43The writer acted upon the store rules because _.Ahe wanted to keep his present jobBhe
11、 felt no pity for the old gentlemanChe considered the old man dishonestDhe expected someone else to pay for the old man44What does the writer learn from his experience?AWealth is more important than anything else.BHelping others is easier said than done. CExperience is better gained through practice
12、. DObeying the rules means more than compassion.（参考答案：CBAB） 【实战演练练习十六】（05天津卷 C篇）The house was quiet at 5 Am. and Tims mother was asleep. Only the sound of the big freezer broke the quiet. Hed dreamt of the cave last night? The purring (轻微颤动声) of the freezer had been the sea .Tim pulled on a sweater
13、and put some apples into his schoolbag. It was too early for breakfast. Hed eat after hed been through the cave, sitting on the rocks and staring at the seAHe wished he had a proper pack. His schoolbag would have to do. What else? Sandwiches but his mother might wake up if he started pulling out bre
14、ad for sandwiches, shed want to know why he had to leave so early. He settled for some biscuits, and left a note stuck to the table.Gone to Michaels Back tonight . Tim .The sky was high and soft and light outside, though the sun still wasnt up. Even the highway up the hill was quiet as he made his w
15、ay down the street. The wind from the sea was fresh and sweet.The sandhills still breathed heat from yesterdays sun, though the top of the sand was cool. He ran down to the beach impatiently, but there was no one, just dry sand dancing in the early wind and seabirds marching up and down watching the
16、 waves.The light changed suddenly. The first rays of sunlight stretched (延伸) across the sea . The sun was pushing its way over the edge of the worldOver the first rocks, along to the point. Tim glanced back. The beach was still empty. The sun sailed higher in the sky.He could see the cave now, even darker in t
