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1、高考语法复习-倒装与省略倒装.倒装的概念：按“主语谓语”这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果将某个句子成分移至句首而引起主语和谓语顺序的颠倒，使句子的排列顺序变成“谓语(或谓语的一部分)主语”，就是倒装句。倒装有两种情况：部分倒装和完全倒装。之所以使用倒装，一是语法结构的需要；二是表示强调。.部分倒装：部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词，要在主语之前加助动词do/does/did等，而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。情况例句句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom, ra
2、rely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, few, not, no等Not a word did I say to him. 我没对他说一个字。Never have I found him so happy. 我从未见他如此高兴过。Little does he care about what I said. 他几乎不在意我说了什么。I cant swim. Neither can he. 我不会游泳，他也不会。No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asle
3、ep. 他一上床就睡着了。“only状语(从句)”放在句首，要部分倒装Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) 只有通过这种方式才能解释这个事。Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句) 只有当1918年战争结束后他才能高兴地重返工作岗位。如果only后面不是状语，则不用倒装；Only Wang Ling knows this.so或so引导的短语放在句首，要部分倒装So loudly did he spea
4、k that even people in the next room could hear him. 他说得如此大声，隔壁房间的人都听到了。“Not only分句，but (also)分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it. 约翰不仅喜欢中文，他还说得很好。not onlybut also连接主语时不倒装。Not only the mother but also the children are sick. not until放在句首，从句不倒装，主句倒装Not until
5、 last week did they find the lost bike. (简单句) 直到上个星期他们才找到丢失的单车。Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (复合句) 我儿子直到进入大学才认识到时间的重要性。as/though引导的让步状语从句Tired though he was(Though he was tired), he kept on running.Child as he is, he knows a lot.(注意：child前没有冠词a) 在
6、以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中，要用部分倒装结构Many a time has John given me good advice. 约翰多次给了我很好的建议。Often have we made that test. 我们经常做那个测试。在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had, should这三个词时，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前Had I time ( If I had time), I would go and help you. Were I you ( If I were you),
7、 I would go abroad. Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.完全倒装：整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。情况例句there be结构。在此结构中可用来代替be动词的有：exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等There stood a dog before him. 一只狗站在他面前。There exist different opinions on this question. 对这个问题有许多不同的观点。“Here/There/Now/The
8、n come (或be等) 主语” 结构本句型中there是副词，应重读，强调地点Here comes the old lady! 一位老妇人过来了！Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期待已久的时刻终于到来。如果主语是人称代词，就不用倒装：Here you are.表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等位于句首In came Mr. White. 怀特先生进来了。Down came the rain. 下雨了。表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front o
9、f the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首时On the top of the hill stands a pine tree. 山顶上有一棵松树。They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man. 他们到了一座房子，房子前站着一位老者。用于某些表示祝愿的句子里Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！其他形式的完全倒装：Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.(
10、形容词短语)参加会议的有一位校长格林先生。Such was the story he told me.(代词)这就是他告诉我的那个故事。East of the city lies a new railway. (副词短语) 城市的东面有一条新的铁路。First to be completed was the sevenstorey teaching building. (不定式短语)首先竣工的是那座七层的教学楼。Gone are the days when my heart was young and happy. (过去分词) 我年轻而快乐的日子一去不复返了。Lying on the flo
11、or was a boy aged 15. (现在分词短语) 躺在地板上的是一个十五岁的男孩。省略.省略的概念：英语中的许多句子经常省略一个或几个部分，这种语法现象称为省略。省略是一种手段，目的是为了避免重复，而突出新的信息，并使上下文连接紧密。.语法上的省略类别具体内容例句冠词的省略副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略某些独立主格结构中在as引导的让步状语从句中，当作表语的单数名词提前时，不定冠词要省略She sings best in the class. Our teacher came in, book in hand. (with a book in his hand.) Child
12、as he is, he knows a lot.介词的省略both 后常跟of短语，接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of不能省略现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略 和一些动词搭配构成的短语：consider(as)， prevent/stop (from)doing， have trouble/difficulty(in) doing， spend(in) doing等中的介词可以省略Both (of) the films were interesting. She invited both of us to her birthday party.
13、These shoes are worn out. They have lasted (for) a long time.Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river? I have some difficulty (in) answering the question.续表类别具体内容例句其他的省略动词believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be n/adj.中的to be可以省略I consider him (to be) lazy.His mot
14、her found him (to be) a clever boy.why, why not引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式Why talk so much about it？Why not try it again？如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to：在动词afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, would like (love), try等后跟动词不定式作宾语，不定式中的to可以承前(后)省略在某
15、些形容词afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager等后承前省略动词原形，只保留不定式符号to动词tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like, forbid等后跟动词不定式作宾补、主补时，不定式承前省略动词原形， 保留动词不定式符号toThey may go if they wish to (go). I would do it for you, but I dont know how to (do it for you).Will you join us in the game? Sure, Ill be glad to (join you in the game).承前省略的动词不定式如
