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1、名词性从句 概念 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句。 种类 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 注：由于名词性从句在句中不同的句法功能（即名词性从句在复合句中，能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。）， 相应地，名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导词 类别功能例词 从属连词指起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分that, whether, if 连接代词既起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词既起连接作用，本身又作从句
2、的状语when, where, how, why ，whenever， wherever，however 主语从句 主语从句可直接放在句首，也可用形式主语it 代替，而将主语从句后置。 that 引导的主语从句 1)that 引导的主语从句置于句首（that 此时在从句中不充当任何成分，无含义，只起连接作用，不能省略） That the earth moves around the sun is known to all. 注：从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 2)在 that 引导的主语从句中，常用it 作形式主语， that 引导的真正的主语从句后置，常见的此类句型有： It+系动词 +形
3、容词 +that 从句。 常用于这种结构的形容词有： necessary 必要的certain 明确的 right 正确的clear 清晰的 (un)likely （不）可能的possible 可能的 strange 奇怪的obvious 明显的 natural 自然的important 重要的 It is likely that he can t come to the meeting. It is obvious that you have made a big mistake. 注： It is necessary/important/surprising/strange/unthink
4、able/unbelievable/incredible that+主语 (should)+ 动词原 形+其它。 e.g. It is necessary that a college student (should) master one or two foreign languages. It is strange that you (should) trust Jane. It+系动词 +名词 +that 从句。 常用于这种结构的名词有： a pity 遗憾a honor 荣耀 a shame 令人遗憾的事a wonder 奇迹 good news 好消息no wonder 难怪 a f
5、act 事实no surprise 不奇怪 It is a pity that you didn t attend the lecture yesterday. It is no wonder that you ve achieved so much success. It+ be+过去分词 +that 从句。 常用于这种结构的过去分词有： said 据说 told 有人告诉 heard 有人听说 reported 据报道 decided 作出决定suggested 有人建议 advised 有人建议ordered 根据命令 remembered 有人记得thought 有人认为 consid
6、ered 认为 well-known 很著名 hoped 有人希望announced 据宣布 It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident. It is generally considered that boys are better at science than girls. 注： It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/demanded +that+主语 (should)+动词原形 +其它。 e.g. It is suggested that y
7、ou(should) spend more time in studying English. It+动词（ +宾语或状语） +that 从句。 常用于这种结构的动词有： seem 显得 happen 碰巧 matter 重要occur 出现 turn out 结果是 It happened to me that I was away when he called. It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager. whether/if引导的主语从句 whether 引导的主语从句即可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，但i
8、f 引导的主语从句只能放在句末，前面需用it 作形 式主语。 whether， if 只起连句中不作成分，且不可省略。 Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it. （ whether 引导的主语从句放在句首） It is unknown whether/if he has agreed to my plan. （主语从句是whether/if he has agreed to my plan, it 作形式主语） 连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句 1） 连接代词what, who, whom, , who
9、se, which , whatever, whoever, whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语 , 不可以省略。 What he said just now is true. Who breaks the law will be punished. 注： whoever 和 whatever 引导的名词性从句一般不用it 作形式主语。 what 引导的主语从句一般按单数对待，但在实际使用中，其单复数取决于其成分的含义。 e.g. What the kid wanted was only a new school bag. （schoolbag 是可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数
10、） What they need are a car and some water. （a car and some water表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数） 2） 连接副词when, where, why, how ， whenever，however，wherever 等在从句中作状语。 Why they suddenly disappeared remains a mystery. （why 在从句中作原因状语） When we ll go for a picnic isn t known. （when 在从句中作时间状语） 宾语从句 句法功能 1)作动词的宾语 大多数位于及物动词后。
11、I hope (that) you can join us in the game. I doubt whether/if he will come to the wedding. 有些动词短语后。 常见的这类动词短语有： find out 查出turn out 结果是 point out 指出make sure 确信 figure out 辨别出keep/bear in mind 牢记 Please find out when the ship sails for New York. We should keep in mind that sports can help us develop
12、 both our bodies and characters. 可以运用it 作形式宾语代替宾语从句 A.动词 find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume 等后有宾语补足语时，要用it 作形式宾 语，而把that 引导的宾语从句后置。 e.g. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. I have made it rule that I keep diaries. B.有些动词（词组）带宾语从句时需要在从句前加it
13、. 如： hate, dislike, appreciate, see to, depend on 等。除此之外，take it for granted 中的 it 是位于动词短语而不 是从句前。 e.g. I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. Some students just take it granted that they will pass the exam. 2)作介词的宾语 一般情况下介词后常用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。（有的介词如in, except, but 后可跟 that 引导的宾语从句） W
14、e are talking about whether we admit students into our clubs. They look similar except that one is a little tall. 3)作系表结构的宾语。 常用于此类结构的形容词有：sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, sorry 等表示“情感”的形 容词。 We re all pleased that we have once again overcome the difficulty. I am ex
15、tremely sorry that I have troubled you so much. that 引导的宾语从句 that 引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义。that 无实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分。that 可以省略。 I don t think (that) there will be time to do it. Many people believe that robots will do most of our work. whether/if引导的宾语从句 1） 可用 whether/if 的情况 whether/if 常放在 ask, care, wonder, find
16、out等后引导宾语从句。whether/if 在从句中不作成分，但是有“是否”含 义，不可省略。 I asked them whether/if they would win the match. Do you care whether/if you win? 2) 只用 whether 不用 if 的情况 引导介词后的宾语从句时。 It depends on whether it will snow tomorrow. 与 or not 连用时。 I asked your secretary whether she could come or not. 与不定式连用时。 I really don t want know whether to accept or refuse. 有些动词，如leave, put, discuss, doubt 等后的宾语从句常用whether 引导。 We doubt whether he will keep his promise. 宾语从句前置，置于句首时。 Whether they can come here on time, we don t
