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1、Study hard and make yourself excellent and make our country stronger.1思晨教育 把一切当做过程，最后让自己变得更成熟。Sports should help a man to learn fairness, not only in games but also in and for life. If two teams play 31 game, one team must lose. If a dozen teams attend an athletic competition, 32 team will get the m
2、ost points and all the 33 eleven teams will get 34 points. If a school team comes out last, that is no loss of face. 35 that team and that school must do is admit that it 36 (lose). The only intelligent reaction 37 defeat must be: next year we will do our best to come out on top, because from now on
3、 our team will devote 38 to a stricter course of training under competent instructors. Lessons 39 (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. But even more 40 (value) are the lessons learned in extra-curricular activities in school: in speech, dramatic and musical contests, in “h
4、ouse” activities, and, especially, in the student council.【答案与解析】31. a。因为 game 为单数可数名词。32. one。指其中的一个队。33. other。指 12 个队中的另个 11 个队。34. fewer。因 points 为可数名词的复数。35. What。What 在此用作动词 do 的宾语。36. lost。因 it 与 lost 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。37. to。此处为不定式作定语。38. itself。devote oneself to 为 固定短语，意为“专心” 。39. learned。因 le
5、ssons 与 learn 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。40. valuable。此处为形容词比较级。非谓语动词的语态及用法一、不定式的被动语态不定式的被动语态由“to be+过去分词”构成，其用法与不定式的主动形式相似，只是表示被动意义。如：To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good thing. 被敌人反对是好事，不是坏事。(作主语)He asked to be kept informed about developments. 他要求随时向他报告发展情况。(作宾语)The points to be discuss
6、ed can be brought under three main headings. 所论各点可以归为三个主要方面。(作定语)He knocked at the window to be let in. 他敲敲窗户要进来。(作状语)The case was too heavy to be carried by a child. 箱子太重了，孩子搬不动。(作状语)The medicine is to be taken three times a day, preferably before meals. 这药一天吃三次，最好饭前吃。(作表语)Study hard and make yours
7、elf excellent and make our country stronger.2思晨教育 He said that he wished it to be published in its present form. 他说他希望以其现有的形式出版。(作宾语补足语)【几点说明】1. 有时不定式用完成被动式。如：No harm seems to have been done. 似乎没有造成损失。2. be going to 后接被动结构。如：The meeting is going to be put off. 会议将要延期。3. ought to 后接被动结构。如：Such activi
8、ties ought to be prohibited. 这种活动应当禁止。4. has to, have to, had to 后接被动结构。如：He broke his leg during the match and had to be carried off. 他在比赛中撞断了腿而被抬走。5. be about (due) to 后接被动结构。如：The work is about to be finished. 这工作即将完成。二、现在分词的被动语态现在分词的被动语态由“being+过去分词”构成，其用法与现在分词的主动形式相似，只是表示被动意义。如：I saw him being
9、taken away by the police. 我看到他正被警察带走。(作宾补)The building being repaired is our library. 正在维修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。(作定语)Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. 这篇文章仓卒写就，故错误百出。(作状语)【说明】有时现在分词用完成被动式。如：Having been invited to speak, Ill start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话，我明天就得做准备。三、动名词
10、的被动语态动名词的被动语态由“being+过去分词”构成，其用法与动名词的主动形式相似，只是表示被动意义。如：Being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路可能是一种很可怕的经历。(作主语)He dyed his beard to avoid being recognized. 他染了胡子，以免我们认出他。(作宾语)【说明】有时动名词用完成被动式。如：The safe showed no signs of having been touched. 保险箱没有被人动过的痕迹。四、过去分词没有被动式过去分词没有被动形式，因为它本身就可以表示被动意义。如：
11、Cars parked illegally will be removed. 非法停的车要被拉走。(作定语)Her job was to take care of the wounded soldier. 她的工作就是照料这个伤员。(作定语)Never touch an electric wire when it is broken. 绝不要动断了的电线。(作表语)In came the first runner, closely followed by the second. 第一位赛跑者进来了，紧Study hard and make yourself excellent and make
12、 our country stronger.3思晨教育 跟着第二位也进来了。(作状语) I couldnt make myself heard above the noise. 我的声音被喧闹声淹没了。(作宾语补足语)I dont speak good French, but I can make myself understood. 我说不好法语，但我能使别人听懂我的话。(作宾语补足语)【说明】与不定式、现在分词、动名词均有完成被动式不同，过去分词不仅没有被动式（因为过去分词本身可表示被动） ，而且也没有完成式（因为过去分词本身可表示完成） 。would rather 的五个重要句型一、后接
13、动词原形后接动词原形，表示“宁愿做某事” 。如：Id rather be told the truth than be lied to. 我宁愿听真话，不愿被欺骗。Ive already seen that film, so Id rather see another one. 我已经看过那部电影了，所以还是看部别的吧。Ill go if youre going. If not, Id rather stay at home. 你去我就去，否则我宁可待在家里。Id rather do it without anybodys help. 我宁愿不要任何人帮助，自己干这件事。“How about
14、a drink?” “Id rather have something to eat.”“喝一杯怎么样?”“我宁愿来点吃的。 ”注：would rather 的否定式，通常要将 not 置于 rather 之后。如：Id rather not say anything. 我宁可什么也不说。二、后接完成式动词后接完成式动词，表示过去的想法，通常可译为“(本来)宁愿做某事” 。如：We went by sea, but I d rather have gone by air. 我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。“At that time, I would rather have been a fa
15、ctory worker than an animal keeper,” he said. “那时，我宁愿做一个工厂工人，也不愿做动物饲养员， ”他说道。三、后接从句后接从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。具体说来，有以下两种情况：1. 指现在或将来用过去时。如：Study hard and make yourself excellent and make our country stronger.4思晨教育 I would rather you didnt mention the price. 我愿意你别提价钱。Id rather you knew that now, than afterward
16、s. 我宁愿你现在知道而不是以后。Dont come and see me todayId rather you came tomorrow. 今天不要来看我我希望你们明天来。Tomorrows difficult. Id rather yon came next weekend. 明天有困难。我希望你下周末来。“We might go for a swim” “No,ld rather we didnt.” “我们去游泳吧。 ”“不，我想我们最好不去。 ”“Shall I give you a cheque?” “I d rather you paid cash.” “我付给您支票行吗?” “我想您最好付现金。 ”Ann said that Bill wanted to go alone but that shed rather he went with a group. 安说比尔想一个人去，但她宁愿他跟一大群人一起去。2.
