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1、Unit 5 Appreciating Classics,语法专题,写作专题,内容索引,Period ThreeGrammar & Writing,语法专题,语法精析,高考链接,一、主语从句 1.引导主语从句的三类连接词及其句法功能 (1)从属连词：that，whether that that在从句中不充当句子成分，也无词义，但不可省略。 That she got the first prize made her parents very happy. 她获得了一等奖，这使她的父母非常高兴,主语从句和宾语从句,whether whether在从句中不充当句子成分，意为“是否；还是”。 Whet
2、her we go there by train or by air makes no difference. 我们乘火车还是乘飞机去那儿没有什么差别。 (2)连接代词：who(谁)，whom(谁)，whose(谁的)，what(什么)，which(哪一个)，whoever(无论谁)，whatever(无论什么)，whichever(无论哪一个)等。它们在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。 Who will host the meeting hasnt been decided. 谁来主持会议还没有决定,Whose car runs faster should be tested. 应该测试谁
3、的车跑得更快。 Which plan is better should be discussed. 应该讨论哪一个计划更好。 (3)连接副词：when，where，why，how 连接副词when(什么时间)，where(在哪里)，why(为什么)，how(怎么，如何)有词义，在句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因和方式。 When and where we will set up the factory hasnt been decided. 我们何时何地建工厂还没有决定。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚,2
4、.用it作形式主语的主语从句 由于某些主语从句太长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末。常见的句型主要有以下五种： (1)Itbe形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，probable，certain，uncertain，fortunate，etc.)that从句 It is clear that the girl was telling the truth. 很明显那个女孩说了实话,注意“It is necessary (natural，important，s
5、trange，etc.)that从句”中谓语动词常用“shoulddo”，should可省略。 Its necessary that you (should) tell your mother the truth. 你有必要告诉你妈妈实情。 (2)Itbe名词词组(a pity，no wonder，an honour，a good idea，a fact，good news，a shame，etc.)that从句 It is a pity that you cant go with us. 很遗憾你不能和我们一起去,3)Itbe过去分词(said，believed，reported，thoug
6、ht，expected，decided，announced，arranged，confirmed)that从句 It is reported that a violent earthquake and tsunami happened in Japan. 据报道日本发生了强烈的地震和海啸。 (4)It不及物动词(短语)(seem，turn out，happen，appear，etc.)that从句 It happened that he was out that day. 碰巧他那天不在家,5)It及物动词(worry，shock，etc.)sb.that从句 It shocked me th
7、at he didnt tell anyone where he was. 让我震惊的是他没有告诉任何人他在哪儿,3.主语从句的注意事项 (1)主语从句的语序总是用陈述语序 How he managed to survive in the forest interested everyone present. 令在场的每一个人感兴趣的是他是怎样设法在森林中活下来的。 (2)时态与谓语动词的单复数 如果主句是过去时态(包括一般过去时和过去进行时)，那么从句的时态一般要用相应的过去的某种时态。 单个主语从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数，但what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要看后面的表语的单复数
8、而确定,When we shall have our sports meeting has not been decided. 我们什么时候开运动会还没定下来。 What I need is money.我所需要的是钱。 What I need are books.我所需要的是书。 如果用and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。 Whe
9、n and where the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. 会议将在什么时候以及在哪里举行还没定下来,1. (你没去听讲座) was a pity. 2.It was a problem (他们是否会支持 我们). 3. (我们所需要的) is water. 4. (他住哪儿) is not clear. 5. (运动员何时到来) is still unknown,即时跟踪1,That you didnt go to the lecture,whether they would support us,What we need,W
10、here he lives,When the athletes will come,二、宾语从句 1.引导宾语从句的三类连接词及其句法功能 (1)从属连词：that，whether/if that that在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，无任何词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略，但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省略。 I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will improve. 我相信你已经尽力了，一切都会好起来的,whether/if whether和if表示“是否”，表明从句内容的不确定
11、性。在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：引导宾语从句作介词宾语时；从句后有“or not”时；后接动词不定式时；作动词discuss的宾语时。 We arent interested in whether he will agree with us or not. 我们对他是否同意我们的观点不感兴趣。 (2)连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，whichever，whomever I dont know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁,3)连接副词：when，where，how，why，how
12、 many，how much，how often Can you tell me how I can get there? 你能告诉我怎样去那儿吗？ 2.宾语从句的类型 (1)动词后面的宾语从句 在demand，order，suggest，insist，desire，request，command等表示“要求，命令，建议”等意义的动词后，宾语从句的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。 My father insisted that I (should) finish my homework first. 父亲坚持让我先完成作业,当谓语动词find，feel，believe
13、，consider，make等后跟复合宾语时，常常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语置于宾补之后。 We find it important that we should make a quick decision about it. 我们认为对这件事立刻做出决定很重要。 动词like，dislike，hate，appreciate等后的宾语从句也常用it作形式宾语。 He disliked it when she behaved badly in front of his mother. 他讨厌她在他母亲面前举止失当,2)介词后面的宾语从句 一般情况下，介词后跟wh-引导的宾语从句，而exce
14、pt，but等少数介词后可以接that引导的宾语从句。 He is a good student except that he is a little careless. 他是个好学生，就是有点粗心。 (3)形容词后面的宾语从句 这类形容词常见的有：afraid，happy，glad，pleased，sorry，satisfied，proud，sure，surprised，aware，ashamed，certain，confident等。 Im afraid that I make a mistake. 恐怕我犯了个错误,用适当的连接词填空 1.I know nothing about the
15、 young lady except she is from Beijing. 2.Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see it is. 3.Choosing a right dictionary depends on you want to use it for. 4.We are discussing we shall do to help others. 5.I wonder you are getting on with your study,即时跟踪1,that,who,what,what,how,用适当的连接词填空 1.I
16、t is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏) 2.Your support is important to our work. you can do helps. (2016北京) 3.As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. (2015全国,that,Whatever,how,4.I truly believe beauty comes from within.(2015北京) 5. we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015北京) 6.We must find out Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.(2015重庆
