动词和动词短语27页

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1、动词和动词短语 一、系动词1表示人或事物特征和状态的系动词,如smell,live,look,sound,feel,seem,appear等。例如: The actor looked his part 那个演员看上去和他演的角色很相称。 He appears fl normal person 他看来是一个正常人。2表示状态的变化,如go,grow,run,turn,become,wash,get,turn OUt,come等。例如: His dream has come true他的梦想成真了。 The river went dry河流干涸了。3表示某种状态的持续或延续,如last,stand

2、,lie,keep,stay,continue,hold等。例如: He stayed young他依然年轻。 He told me to keep calm under all circumstances 他告诉我在任何情况下都要保持镇静。 注意:常用系动词及与之搭配的形容词: feel:sorry,lonely,proud,shy。happy等。 get:late,fat,dark,worse,angry,well等。 go:hungry,bad,lame,broken,mad,blind等。 grow:worse,calm,cold,old,thin,big,fat,dark等。 kee

3、p:calm,fine,quiet,warm,happy等。 look:strong,tired,fit,nervous,friendly,pretty,excellent等。 remain:single,unmarried,calm,open,active,silent等。 prove:false,correct,easy,difficult,useful等。 turn:yellow,grey,pale,red,black,green,cold等。 二、一些常用行为动词的用法比较 11ay和lieHe lied tO me that he had finished his homework他

4、向我撒谎说完成作业了。He laid the baby on the bed他把婴儿放置在床上。2arise,rise和raiseThe sun having set down,a mist arose太阳落山后起了雾。The river has risen by several metres河水上涨了好几米。ItS difficult raising a family on a small income依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。3hang的用法 He hung his clothes on the wall 他把衣服挂在墙上。 A towel hung from the rail 栏杆上搭

5、着条毛巾。 The murderer was hanged and the dead was avenged 杀人犯被绞死了,为死者报了仇。 4get的用法 (1)get+宾语:在这种结构中,get通常意为receive(收到),obtain(获得),fetch(拿来),take(拿)。例如: I got her letter yesterday 昨天我收到了她的来信。 (2)get+形容词:表示某种状态的变化,意思与become相似。例如: When you get old,your memory gets worse 你老了之后,记忆力会变差。 (3)get+过去分词:这种结构相当于“be

6、+过去分词”,相当于被动语态。 His leg got broken in the car accident 在那次车祸中,他的腿断了。 (4)get+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词、分词、不定式):这种结构表示“使变得,使移动,使做,使被做”。 l can 7t get my feet warm 我没法使脚暖和起来。 Can you get the car going? 你能把车开动起来吗? I shall get MrWang to do it for me 我该让王先生给我做那件事。 I got my watch repaired yesterday 我昨天让人把表修了。 注意:有时候“get

7、+宾语+过去分词”并不表示“要某事被别人做”,而是表示“经历,遭受”。例如: They got their roof blown off in the storm last night 昨晚的暴风雨把他们的房顶给掀掉了。 5have的用法 (1)have+宾语+不带to的不定式:“使某人做某事”。例如: He had everybody fill out a form 他让所有的人都填了表。 (2)have+宾语+现在分词:“使某人一直”。例如: She had us laughing all through the meal 在吃饭过程中,她使我们始终笑个不停。 (3)have+宾语+过去分

8、词:“使被(他人)做”。例如: If you dont get OUt of my house,Ill have you arrested 如果不离开我的房子,我就让人把你抓起来。 注意:have sbdo,have sbdoing,have sbsthdone还可以表示“经历某个事件或行动,遭遇”(句子的主语不是动作的执行者)。例如: He had his left hand cut off when operating the machine 他在操作这种机器时左手被切掉了。 ItS lovely to have people smile at you in the street 在街上,

9、人们冲你微笑是件非常愉快的事。 The boss had the workers working all through the night 老板让工人彻夜工作。 6look,seem和appear (1)look强调由视觉得出的印象,意为“看上去,看起来”。例如: He looks very strong他看上去很强壮。 (2)seem表示根据某种情况、状态或迹象所作出的判断,这种判断可靠性较大。例如: It seems as though theres no way out of our difficulty 似乎没有办法摆脱我们的困境。 (3)appear表示外表给人的印象,这种印象可能

10、是靠不住的、虚假的。例如: He appears to be your friend but I doubt if he is 他看起来像你的朋友,但我怀疑他是否真是。 注意:(1)look常用结构:look+adjv-ed,look+n;look+介词短语;look as if。 (2)seem常用结构;seem+分词adj,seem+n,seem+介语短语;seem to do,It seems that从句;It seems as if从句。三、高频动词短语1get词组get about 到处走动;活动get across 横过;使渡过,使明白get along/on with 通常用进

11、行时进展;相处get away 离去,离开get down to 静下心来;处理,从事get it 了解;受罚;懂了get over 爬过,越过 ,康复get through 使(某人)理解;完成,接通电话get rid of 摆脱get across使通过清楚使被理解get sth across to sb被理解1. (使)越过,(使)渡过;(使)横穿马路:Its so much safer to get across the road at the traffic lights.在有交通红绿灯的地方横穿马路要安全得多。2. (使)被了解;讲清楚,让听懂:He taught me how t

12、o get my ideas across.他教我如何把自己的观点表达清楚。3. 英国口语触犯,冒犯;使生气,使恼火:Take care not to get across the director,he could have you dismissed.小心别惹经理生气,他会把你开除。get through1. (使)通过:The woman was so fat that she couldnt get through the doorway.这女人胖得连门都通不过。2. (使)通过考试;(使)达到标准:John has got through the examination.约翰已经通过

13、考试了。3. (使)通过法案(或议案等):Buy now before the tax increase gets through next week!在下周的增税法案通过前,现在就购买吧!4. (电话等)打通,接通;给接通电话:The operator finally got me through.接线员最终给我接通了电话。get over:从(不快或疾病中)恢复过来1. If youget overan unpleasant or unhappy experience or an illness, you recover from it.It took me a very long tim

14、e toget overthe shock of her death.得知她去世的消息我惊愕不已,很长时间才缓过劲来。克服,战胜(问题、困难)2. If youget overa problem or difficulty, you overcome it.How would theyget overthat problem, he wondered? 他们会怎么解决那个问题?他寻思着。get down to1. 认真对待;认真处理;专心做:The task isnt as difficult as it seems when you really get down to it.在你真正认真做这项工作时,它并不像看上去那样困难。 Get down to:开始认真考虑;着手处理1. Butreally,onceyougetdowntoit,theres reallyonlythe firstreason.但实际上,当你去香港之后就会发现

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