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1、非谓语动词语法讲解,一、非谓语动词的概念 动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用 非谓语形式了。 非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的 ing : doing 3、 动词的过 去分词：done 二、三种形式的含义（基本用法） 不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的 ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完 成。 三、非谓语动词的时态和语态,1,四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加 not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing,2,五、非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构：for
2、 / of sb. to do sth. 动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格 doing) 六、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之 前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用 to do; 同时常用 doing. 学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会
3、更加有效一些。 七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较 1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语 a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。 动词 ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性 的动作。如： is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk (分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 B b. 不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth. Its
4、 important for us to learn English well. Its kind of you to help us. 注意：下面几个句型是用动名词,3,Its no good / use doing sth. Its useless doing sth. There is no need to do sth. 2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较 1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如： My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是 my job 的内容) Knowing
5、who we are means knowing what we like to do. （主表语要用同一种形 式） 2、 分词作表语 记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质 特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise (使某人吃惊)， surprising (令人吃惊)， surprised (主语)感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite (激动)，astonish (惊 奇)，shock (震惊)，scare (惊恐)， disappoint (失望)，move （感动）， 如：The movie is exciting. We are ex
6、cited at the news. 3、 在 seem / appear (似乎，好像)， prove / turn out (被证明是)， remain (仍然是，尚待)等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。如：He seemed (to be ) very happy. 非谓语动词十大解题原则 非谓语动词主要包括 to do, -ing 和-ed 三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是 高考单项选择题测试的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内 容。为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，笔者在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则， 并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则。根据这些原则，
7、相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语 动词。 原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词 例 1. many times, but he still couldnt understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told,4,C. He had been told D. Though he had been told 例 2 many times, he still couldnt understand it. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. T
8、hough he had told 解析：例 1 中有连词 but 连接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案为 C。 例 2 中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应该用非谓语动词，根 据句意此处为被动，所以答案为 A。 原则二、不及物动词无-ed 形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing 形式，无宾语时 用-ed 形式 例 3. in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losi
9、ng 解析：lose 为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed 形式，答案为 B。 例 4. , I really believe that Id prefer not to make any change now. Considered all the possibilities Taking all the possibilities into consideration Taken all the possibilities into consideration Giving all the possibilities 解析：把。考虑进来结构为 take sth into consid
10、eration，现在 take 后面有宾语 all the possibilities，所以用-ing 形式，答案为 B。 原则三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时 形式 to have done 或 having done 强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前 例 5. to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead,5,A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 解析：根据句意“我们没有打通电话，就给他们发了个邮件”，没有打通电话应该发生 在
11、发邮件之前，所以用 having done，答案为 D。 例 6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all. A. to have founded B. having founded C. founding D. to found 解析：根据句意，Tim Bemers-Lee 创立万维网应该是过去的事情，而且 be considered 后面应该用动词不定式，所以应该用 to have done，答案为 A。 原则四、非谓语动
12、词作定语时，表示将来用-to do，表正在进行用-ing，表示已经完成 用-ed 例 7. The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture Aproduced Bbeing produced Cto be produced Dhaving been produced 解析：根据本题中的时间状语next month，可知 the play 将要于下月被创作出来，表将 来应该用 to do，所以答案为 C。 例 8.The trees in the storm have been moved off the road. A.
13、 being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down 解析：根据句意“被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了”，树被刮倒是过去已经完成的 动作，表已经完成用-ed 形式，所以答案为 B。 原则五、介词后跟-ing 形式，可以在-ing 前加逻辑主语 例 9. The discovery of new evidence led to . A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caught,6,C. catch the thief D. the thief being
14、 caught 解析：本题 led to 中的 to 是介词，后面应该用-ing 形式，the thief 作-ing 的逻辑主语， 所以答案为D。 例 10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close 解析：本题 the noise of 中的 of 是介词，后面应该用-ing
15、形式，desks 作-ing 的逻辑主语， 所以答案为 C。 原则六、-ing 形式或 to do 可作主语或宾语，-ed 形式则不可以 例 11. in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience. A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch 解析：本题中 is 为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing 形式，所以答案为 C。 例 12 twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule
16、 that every driver must obey in this city. A. Examining B. Examined C. Being examined D. Having been examined 解析：本题中 is 为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing 形式，所以答案为 C。 原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把 be 去掉保留-ed+介词做状语 例 13Michaels new house is like a huge palace, with his old one. A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared 解析：“和。相比较”结构为 be compared with，现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非 谓语动词，把动词 be 去掉，答案为 D,7,例 14 with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 解析：“面对
