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1、Unit16 过去完成时一概念：表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作就用过去完成时。其构成是 had+动词的过去分词。表示过去的过去-|-|-|- 那时以前 那时 现在 二句式：1. 陈述句肯定式: 主语+had+ved+ 其他成分They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the school. 在他们到达学校之前，他们已经吃早饭了。She had searched the internet for three hours when she found the picture 当她找到了相片时，她已经在因特网上查询了
2、三个小时。I went over what I had written again and again so that I wouldnt make any mistakes.我一遍又一遍地检查了我所写的内容，以至我没有出现任何错误。2陈述句否定式主语+had+not+ved+ 其他成分He remembered he hadnt told him the truth yet. 我记得我没有告诉他真相。He said that he had never seen such a beautiful girl before. 他说他以前从来没有看过这样美丽的女孩儿。3一般疑问句: had +主语
3、+ ved+其他成分Had you reached the cinema before six oclock? 到六点以前，你们已经到达电影院了吗？4. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+had+ 主语+ved+ 其他成分How many English films had you seen by the end of last term? 到上学期期末为止，你们看了多少部英文片？三用法1. 过去完成时常常用在间接引语里，放在 said , told , asked , thought 等过去时动词的后面。这个时态指的是在谈话或产生想法之前已经发生的动作。如：I thought I had retur
4、ned the book a week before . 我认为我一星期前就已把书还了。He said that he had helped her already .他说他已经帮助过她。2. 在包含有 when , before , after , until 等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作是不同时间发生的，那么更先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。如：When I woke up , it had already stopped snowing . 我醒来时,雪已经停了.(雪停是发生在我醒来之前,可能刚停不久,也可能停了很久了。)When he had finishe
5、d his homework he played outside .他完成作业之后才出去玩儿。（做作业发生在出去玩之前）3表示意向的动词，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原本”，“未能We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.4. 过去时,现在完成时和过去完成时的区别：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果, 过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。1、时间点与过去时连用，表示动作发生在这一点上；时间点与过去完成时连用，表示动作完成于这一点上。如：At six
6、oclock he did his homework . 他在六点钟做作业。At six oclock he had done his homework .他在六点钟时已经做完了作业。时间段与过去时连用，表示动作或状态发生在这段时间的某一点或这段时间的始终；时间段与过去完成时连用，则强调动作或状态在这段时间完成。如：I learned English during my summer holidays .我在暑假里学过英语。I had learned English during my summer holidays 我在暑假里学会了英语。5过去完成时的时间状语：before, by, unt
7、il , when, after, once, as soon as。by then, by before nine oclock yesterday, by the end of last year, by the age of twenty, by the time I arrived He said that he had learned how to cook before他说他以前学过如何烹饪。By the time he was ten, he had began to make a living by himself. 当他十岁的时候，他开始自己谋生。典型例题The studen
8、ts _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, leftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left答案 D. 把书忘在办公室发生在 去取书这一过去的动作之前，因此忘了书 这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中 when 表示的是时间的一点，表示在同学们正忙于这一背景下，when 所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。注意：had no when还没等 就had
9、no sooner than刚 就He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party. A. left； had arrived B. left； arrivedC. had left； had arrived D. had left； arrived2.The pen I _ I _ is on my desk，right under my nose.A. think； lostB. thought； h
10、ad lost C. think； had lostD. thought； have lost3.By the end of last year I _ 100 articles.A. have writtenB. wroteC. written D. had written4_ got into the room，_ the telephone rang.A. He hardly had；thenB. Hardly had he；when C. He had not；that D. Not had he； when5 Helen _ her keys in the office so she
11、 had to wait until her husband _home.A. has left； comesB. left； had come C. had left； cameD. had left； would come6. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _ a good drink.A. had enjoyed B. was enjoyingC. enjoyedD. had been enjoying7.We _ four thousand n
12、ew words by the end of last year.A. had learned B. have learned C. learnedD. will have learne8. The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B，were writing, has leftC. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left9. They _ the work by the end of
13、last week.A. have finishedB. finishedC. will finish D. had finished10. I hadnt made progress _.A. yetB. already C. stillD. ever1-5 D B D B C 6-10 A A D D A练习：1. 单项选择1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jan
14、e _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parent
15、s reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten y
