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1、Unit 6 Text1 Schools Wise up to Ways of High-tech CheatsGeorge Mason University instructor Anne Marchant calls them “patchwork plagiarists”the students who copy and paste together passages from articles theyve found on the Internet, then turn in the work as their own. She catches at least one such s
2、tudent every semester in their computer-science class, she said. She even discovered such plagiarism in her computer ethics course. “Certainly, cheating is persavise,” Marchant said. “Its usually deadly obvious. The introduction will be written in broken English; then it will have this flawlessly wr
3、itten, almost doctoral-quality body, then a conclusion that goes back to broken English.”乔治梅森大学讲师安妮马钱特所谓的“拼凑剽窃者”-是指学生从因特网上找到文章，经过复制、粘贴，然后把它当作自己的作业上交，她每个学期在她的计算机课上至少抓住一名这样的学生，她说，甚至在计算机道德教育课上也发现这样的“剽窃者”。“当然，作弊是太多太滥了”马钱特说：“非常明显，作业开头介绍写得非常蹩角，它的主体写得没有任何错误，几乎是博士水平的，结论又回到它的蹩角英语。”Teachers and administrators
4、 at several Washington-area colleges agree that cheating is on the risebecause the computer has made cheating so easy. High-tech offenses include using information from the Internet without proper attribution, buying term papers from online paper mills, and sharing answers and course work via e-mail
5、 or diskette. Dozens of Websites are dedicated to helping students cheat more easily and successfully.华盛顿地区的几所大学中的教师们和管理者都认为，作弊行为在上升-因为计算机使作弊变得容易，高科技犯罪包括使用因特网上的信息而没有注明出处，在线购买学期论文，通过伊妹儿或光盘共享答案或课文。不少站点致力于帮助学生作弊，使之变得容易和成功。Professors are using the computer to fight back -launching Internet searches to f
6、ind the source of purloined materials and installing software that detects similarities in students papers.教授们使用计算机进行反击-利用因特网搜寻去查找材料来源，并且安装软件探测学生们相似的论文。The computer has made cheats out of students who otherwise would never have considered such trickery, some educator say. At Virginia Tech, the numbe
7、r of cheating complaints made to the schools Honor Court rose from 136 during the 19961997 school year to 280 last year. Most of the cases involved computer-aided cheating, said Leon Geyer, a Virginia Tech professor and an adviser to the schools student-run undergraduate honor system.要不是学生作弊的话，计算机就不
8、会把它算作是诡计花招。许多教育者说，在弗吉尼亚工学院，提供给由学生组成的道德法庭的作弊申诉，从 19961997 学年的 136 起，到去年已是 280起，大多数的申诉事件与利用计算机作弊有关，里昂盖耶说，他是弗吉尼亚工学院教授和由学校未毕业的学生运作的荣誉法庭顾问。Last spring, for example, dozens of students in different sections of one computer-science course were caught electronically sharing work on an end-of-year assignment
9、, In another case, four students in one science class turned in the same paper. The students hadnt copied off each other or shared their workthey had all surfed the Web looking for a research paper to steal and, coincidentally, had chosen the same one.例如，去年春天，一些学生在学习计算机课不同的音节时被抓住了，他们通过电子共享做年终作业。在另一个
10、事例中，科学课上 4 个学生上交了同样的论文，他们并没有互相抄袭或共享-他们都到网上冲浪寻找论文，碰巧得很，他们选择的竞是同一篇论文。Penalties for offenses such as plagiarism and sharing answers tend to be harsh. And they should be, said Virginia Techs Geyer. “It matters whether the guy who built the bridge cheated his way through engineering school,” he said. “Id
11、 worry about that.” But Geyer said he does believe in giving cheats a second chance. At Virginia Tech, the typical punishment for a first-time offender is a double-weighted zerowhich often results in a failing grade for the courseenrolment in an ethics class and 50 hours of on-campus community servi
12、ce., A student who completes his punishment can have the offense removed from his record.对违反者如剽窃或共享答案等的处罚相当严厉，这是应该的。弗吉尼亚工学院的盖耶说，“重要的是这些小伙子们建立起了作弊的桥梁，遍及整个工程学院”他说，“我对些非常担心”。但盖耶也说应该给作弊者第二次机会，在弗吉尼亚工学院，典型的初犯惩罚是双零分-那样常常导致这门课程的降级-并在道德教育课上登记注册，和 50 个小时的校园社区服务。一个学生只有完成了这些惩罚，才能取消记录。Sam Miller, an assistant to
13、 the vice president for student affairs at the University of Virginia, where the mandatory penalty for cheating is expulsion, acknowledges that school officials might be getting relatively few cheating complaints from teachers because they are reluctant to subject students to such strong punishment.
14、 Miller serves on an Internet abuse response team that looks into computer-related misbehavior at the university. The team handles about three cases a day, compared with about five cases a month three years ago, he said, But most of them involve floods of junk e-mail harassment, rather than students
15、 copying from the Internet or from each other.萨姆米勒，是弗吉尼亚大学学生事务部事副部长助理，这个大学的强制惩罚是开除，他承认，学校行政人员很少从老师那里得到有关的作弊抱怨，是因为老师们不愿意看到学生遭受如此严厉的惩罚，米勒供职于因特网滥用反应调查队伍，主要是调查大学内与计算机有关的不规行为，这个队伍每天处理 3 起事件，相对于 3 年前每月处理 5 起，他说，大多数是与垃圾邮件骚扰泛滥有关，而不是学生从网上或相互间复制文件。The Internet offers a wealth of resources for prospective chea
16、ts. In addition to the Websites that offer thousands of research papers and book reports, there are sites where students can submit math homework problems to a resident math whiz and online message boards where students with very specific needs can help each other.因特网为潜在的作弊提供了丰富的资源，另外还有很多站点提供数千种研究论文和读书报告，有许多站点，学生可以把自己的数学家庭作业提交给驻留网上的数学天才或在线电子公告板，那儿有特别需要的学生可以互相帮助。Among the recent messages posted at one such site was a students plea for a three-par
