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1、用心 爱心 专心直接引语变间接引语(Direct Speech and Indirect Speech )概念：引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出叫做直接引语用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要用引号标出叫做间接引语。直接引语转化成间接引语时，句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要发生变化。1，句子结构的变化1）如果直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句前的 that 有时可以省略。Jim said,i like swimming and i want to go swimming this afternoon.-Jim said (that)he l
2、iked swimming and that he wanted to go swimming that afternoon.2) 直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词 whether 或 if 引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。Mr.Li asked,Do you understand the text?Mr.Li asked us if/whether we understood the text.3）直接引语为选择疑问句时，通常只用 whether 引导。He asked,Is this book yours or his?He asked me whether
3、the book was mine or his.4) 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，但要把原来的疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。Marys parents asked, ”what do you want, Mary?“Marys parents asked Mary what she wanted.5）直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可用 what or how 引导，也可以用 that 引导。She said, what a lovely day it is!She said what a lovely day it was!/she said that it w
4、as a lovely day.2, 时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应变化。例题 1，the boy said,i am doing my homework now.直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去式一般过去时 过去完成时时态 一般将来时 过去将来时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时用心 爱心 专心The boy said_.2, Bob said, my sister was here three days ago.Bob told me _.3, “Do you be
5、lieve a volleyball can become your friend ?”the reporter asked.The reporter asked us_.4, Mr. Smith asked her, How long will it take you to fly to New York?Mr. Smith asked her_.5,Lori asked Kitty, what are you reading?Lori asked Kitty _.6, the teacher told them, you should clean the classroom after c
6、lass.3, 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语以及动词的变化。人称代词：指示代词: this 变 that ;these 变 those时间状语从句：now-then,today-that day,tomorrow -the next day, yesterday-the day before,next year-the next year,ago-before/earlier, last night-the night before地点状语：here-there动词 come-go4, 请注意直接引语变间接引语时时态不变的情况。1）当直接引语阐述的是一成不变的科学真理、现在的习惯性动
7、作、客观真理和格言时，变为间接引语时，其时态不变。He said,Nothing is too difficult if we put our hearts into it.He said that nothing is too difficult if we put our hearts into it.2) 当直接引语阐述的是一个过去事实或有具体的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。He said,The Bird Nest was built in 2008.He said that he has accepted her suggestion.3) 当直接引语中有情态动词 woul
8、d,could,should,must,might,ought to 等时，变为间接引语，这些情态动词不变。The doctor said, youd better drink a lot of water.The doctor told me that id better drink a lot of water.4) 直接引语变间接引语时，如果转述时就在原来的地方或就在当天说话，就不必改变句子的时间状语和地点状语。The teacher said,”you may have a ball game this weekend.“The teacher said that we may hav
9、e a ball game this weekend.练习题：1,She said,my friend moved to Paris in 1998.2, he said the work will be finished tomorrow.3, she says, i am an admirer of Jay Chou.用心 爱心 专心4, he asked me where i lived.He asked,_?5, he told me that he hadnt heard from Susan those days.Step1. studying the ruleT: read th
10、e following sentences, pay attention to the words in blue in each pair.Direct Speech1. She said. My brother wants to go shopping with me. ”2. Mr Smith said, “ is Jack a good boy?”3. He said to Kate. How is your sister now?”Indirect Speech1. She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.2. Mr S
11、mith asked if/whether Jack was a good boy. 3. He asked Kate how her sister was then。Step2. Finding the rule直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由 that 引导的宾语从句。She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句.He sa
12、id, Can you swim, John?“He asked John if he could swim.Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。She asked me, When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner.She asked me, Wha
13、t was Jack doing when I come in?”She asked me what Jack was doing when she came in.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“Tell (ask, order, beg 等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型 。如：1.Dont make any noise, the teacher said to the students.She told (ordered) the students not to make any noise. 2.“Open the door, please, said she.S
14、he asked him to open the door.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）”如：He said, Lets go to the movies. He suggested going to the movies.用心 爱心 专心或 He suggested that they should go to see the movies.More rules1. 时态变化：直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。1) 一般现在时一般过去时态； She said: “ I am a student. ” She
15、 said (that) she was a student.2)一般将来时过去将来时She said, He will go to see his friend.”She said he would go to see his friend。二、如何变时态：3) 现在进行时过去进行时；She said ,“I am reading a book.”She said she was reading a book.2. 注意以下几种情况时态不变直接引语是客观真理。The teacher said The earth moves around the sun .” The teacher said me the earth moves around the sun earth.Tom said, “ I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不
