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1、Idiom Translation under the Chineseand English CulturesClass XXX Number XXX Name XXXAbstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cult
2、ures.(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and Englis
3、h idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies E
4、nglish-ChineseChinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is
5、 a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)Key Words: idioms; culture; translation 论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译摘要:著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意义。 ”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中
6、国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近 20 年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译；文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。关键词：习语；文化；翻译1. IntroductionIdioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression that cannot be literally t
7、ranslated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, th
8、ey also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. (Previous research) Engli
9、sh Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, es
10、pecially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig i
11、nto the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms2.1 The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms 2.1.1 Geographical Conditions The formation
12、of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression. Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean an
13、d the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/R
14、esults of previous research)For example, like a fish out of water. If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation.Fish in the air 缘木求鱼An odd fish 怪人Miss the boat 错过机会Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进A small leak will sink a
15、 great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as 骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴 , 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空. Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like 海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼. (Analysis)2.1.2 History .2.2 The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms .2.2.1 Colours .
